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ID
ER 2271
The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian and Theodosius issue a law against heretics even if they seem like the Church having bishops, presbyters, and deacons. The law issued on 3 August 379, included in the Theodosian Code (16.5.5) published in 438.
ID
ER 2272
The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian and Theodosius issue a law banning Eunomians, Arians, and Aetians from building churches. The churches they already have and the dwellings of their ministers should be confiscated. The law issued on 19 July 381, included in the Theodosian Code (16.5.8) published in 438.
ID
ER 2273
Ambrosiaster commenting on 1 Timothy 4:14 says that priestly duties consist of encouraging and teaching people. Negligent and unworthy priests will not enter the kingdom of God. The "Commentaries to the Pauline Epistles", written in Rome, the 370s or 380s.
ID
ER 2274
Ambrosiaster commenting on 1 Timothy 5:17-20 says that priestly duties consist of encouraging and teaching people. Negligent and unworthy priests will not enter the kingdom of God. The "Commentaries do the Pauline Epistles", written in Rome, the 370s or 380s.
ID
ER 2276
The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian and Theodosius issue a law forbidding Eunomians, Arians, Macedonians, Apollinarians to establish churches and have priests and ministers. The law issued on 3 December 383, included in the Theodosian Code (16.5.12) published in 438.
ID
ER 2277
The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian and Theodosius issue a law forbidding Eunomians, Arians, Macedonians, and Apollinarians to establish churches and have priests and ministers in Constantinople. The law issued on 21 January 384, included in the Theodosian Code (16.5.13) published in 438.
ID
ER 2278
Ambrosiaster commenting on 2 Timothy 1:6-7 reflects on the grace of God received in the presbyterial ordination. The "Commentaries do the Pauline Epistles", written in Rome, the 370s or 380s.
ID
ER 2279
Marcion travels to Rome where he confronts local presbyters about the interpretation of the Gospel, ca 130. Account of Filastrius of Brescia, "Book of various heresies", written in Brescia in Italy, AD 380/390.
ID
ER 2280
The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian and Theodosius issue a law forbidding Apollinarians and other heretics to ordain clerics and have churches either public or private. Heretical bishops should be demoted and exiled. The law issued on 10 March 388, included in the Theodosian Code (16.5.14) published in 438.
ID
ER 2281
DRAFT Flavius Valila also named Theodorus in the charter issued for the church the estate massa Cornutiana near Tivoli (Italy) provides donations for the houses and gardens of the clergy. The so-called Charta Cornutiana, AD 471.
ID
ER 2282
The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian and Theodosius issue a law forbidding heretics to gather and celebrate sacred mysteries. The law issued on 14 June 388, included in the Theodosian Code (16.5.15) published in 438.
ID
ER 2283
The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian and Theodosius issue a law ordering heretics to be exiled from urban and suburban areas. The law issued on 26 November 389, included in the Theodosian Code (16.5.19) published in 438.
ID
ER 2284
The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian and Theodosius issue a law introducing financial penalties for heretical clerics. The law issued on 15 June 392, included in the Theodosian Code (16.5.21) published in 438.
ID
ER 2285
The Emperors Theodosius, Arcadius, and Honorius issue a law introducing financial penalties for heretical clerics. The law issued on 9 July 394, included in the Theodosian Code (16.5.24) published in 438 and and repeated in the Justinian Code, promulgated in 529 and then again 534 (1.5.2).
ID
ER 2286
Ambrosiaster speaks about the gifts of Holy Spirit conferred on the ordained. The "Questiones Veteri et Novi Testamenti", written in Rome, the 370s or 380s.
ID
ER 2287
The Emperors Arcadius, and Honorius issue a law forbidding heretics to gather for worship and to ordain clergy. The law issued on 30 March 395, included in the Theodosian Code (16.5.26) published in 438.
ID
ER 2288
The Emperors Arcadius, and Honorius issue two laws ordering the Eunomian clerics to be exiled from the cities. The law issued on 21 or 22 April 396, included in the Theodosian Code (16.5.31-32) published in 438.
ID
ER 2290
Funerary inscription of the Presbyter and Prior Aegioldus from Geneva (Gaul), sixth–tenth century.
ID
ER 2291
The Emperors Arcadius, and Honorius issue two laws against the Eunomians and Montanists, their clerics in particular. The law issued on 4 March 398, included in the Theodosian Code (16.5.34) published in 438.
ID
ER 2292
DRAFT Bishop Remigius of Reims. Testament
ID
ER 2293
DRAFT Presbyter Amabalis from Martigny
ID
ER 2294
Gregory the Great grants Bishop Paul of Nepi, who is temporarily administrating the see of Naples, the right to ordain new clerics. Paul should also distribute the usual offerings to the clergy and grant them "presbyterium". Gregory the Great, Letter 2.9, AD 591.
ID
ER 2295
Gregory the Great orders Bishop Castor of Rimini to consecrate a private oratory. No presbyter may be permanently affixed to this church. Every presbyter saying mass in this oratory must be sanctioned by the bishop of Rimini. Gregory the Great, Letter 2.11, AD 592.
ID
ER 2296
Gregory the Great orders Bishop Importunus of Atella near Naples (Italy) to ascribe Presbyter Dominicus to the vacant church of Saint Mary and grant him appropriate revenues. Gregory the Great, Letter 2.12, AD 592.
ID
ER 2297
Gregory the Great asks Bishop Maximianus of Syracuse (Sicily) to send to him an anonymous presbyter from his province who is worthy of episcopate. Gregory the Great, Letter 2.21, AD 592.
ID
ER 2298
Gregory the Great sends Bishop Benenatus of Misonum to supervise the nearby bishopric of Cumae. The clergy and people of Misonum should choose a local cleric to become a new bishop. The candidate is to travel to Rome with a letter bearing the signatures of all members of clergy. Gregory the Great, Letter 2.22, AD 592.
ID
ER 2299
Gregory the Great asks the scribe Stephen from Sicily to investigate the claim of the parish presbyter from the domain of Maratodis that he is entitled to a share in offerings made to the monastery of Saint George in the same domain. Gregory the Great, Letter 2.26, AD 592.
ID
ER 2300
Presbyter and Abbot Arminius carried the acts of the Second Council of Orange (Gaul, AD 529) to Rome to get papal approval. Pope Boniface II, Letter to Caesarius of Arles, AD 531.
ID
ER 2301
In a letter to Bishop John of Squillace (Italy) Gregory the Great describes which candidates should not be ordained as clergy. Gregory the Great, Letter 2.31, AD 592.
ID
ER 2302
Gregory the Great sends Bishop Felix of Agropoli (Campania) to visit three dioceses in his vicinity which have presently no bishop. He is to ensure that the clergy of these churches behave properly and ordain new presbyters if needed. Gregory the Great, Letter 2.35, AD 592.
ID
ER 2303
The Emperors Honorius and Theodosius issue a law against the Donatist, especially the Donatist clerics, imposing financial fines on them. Clerics shall in particular be punished with exile. The law issued on 30 January 412, included in the Theodosian Code (16.5.52) published in 438.
ID
ER 2304
The Emperors Honorius and Theodosius issue a law against the Donatist bishop and clerics imposng confiscations and exiles on them. The law also impose penalties on lay people who would harbour them. The law issued on 17 June 414, included in the Theodosian Code (16.5.54) published in 438.
ID
ER 2305
Gregory the Great orders Bishop Lucillus of Malta to punish members of his clergy who do not pay rent from their possessions in Africa. If not, Gregory will do it himself. Gregory the Great, Letter 2.36, AD 592.
ID
ER 2306
Gregory the Great dismisses as ridiculous the notion voiced by Bishop John of Ravenna that some clerics need to be reordained. Gregory the Great, Letter 2.38, AD 592.
ID
ER 2307
Gregory the Great unites the diocese of Tres Tabernae with the church of Velletri. Bishop John of Velletri will now have full power over both sees, including ordination and promotion of clergy. Gregory the Great, Letter 2.42, AD 592.
ID
ER 2308
Gregory the Great orders Subdeacon Sabinus to convey the garden of the late Presbyter Felicianus (located at the foot of the Aventine hill) to the convent of certain Euprepia. Gregory the Great, Letter 2.46, AD 592.
ID
ER 2309
Gregory the Great urges Bishop Peter of Barca in Cyrenaica to support the presbyter Valerianus who travels from Rome to ransom the captives. Gregory the Great, Letter 3.16, AD 592.
ID
ER 2310
Gregory the Great asserts that two clerics once ransomed with the use of ecclesiastical funds will never be asked to give back what has been paid for their freedom. Gregory the Great, Letter 9.52, AD 598.
ID
ER 2311
Gregory the Great orders Bishop Passivus of Spoleto to consecrate a private oratory sponsored by the church notary Valerianus. No presbyter may be permanently affixed to this church. Every presbyter saying mass in this oratory must be sanctioned by the bishop of Spoleto. Gregory the Great, Letter 9.58, AD 598.
ID
ER 2312
Gregory the Great orders Bishop Chrysantus of Spoleto to grant some relics of Saint Sabinus to Valerianus, a church notary and possibly cleric from Fermo, who founded an oratory dedicated to Sabinus in Fermo. Gregory the Great, Letter 9.59, AD 598.
ID
ER 2313
Gregory the Great sends relics of saints to Bishop Palladius of Saintes through his Presbyter Leuparicus. Palladius has recently built a church with thirteen altars. Gregory the Great, Letter 6.50, AD 596.
ID
ER 2314
Gregory the Great elevates the monk Cyriacus to a higher position among other clerics and increases his "presbyterium". Gregory the Great, Letter 2.50, AD 592.
ID
ER 2315
DRAFT: Anduit, Arian presbyter in North Africa is actively violent against Catholic laity and clergy, AD 455/477. Account of Victor of Vita.
ID
ER 2316
Presbyter Leuparicus carries relics of Saints Peter and Paul from Gregory the Great to Queen Brunhild. Gregory the Great, Letter 6.58, AD 596.
ID
ER 2317
Gregory the Great unites (temporarily?) the diocese of Fondi with the church of Terracina. Bishop Agnellus of Fondi will now have full power over both sees, including ordination and promotion of clergy. Gregory the Great, Letter 3.13, AD 592.
ID
ER 2318
Gregory the Great unites the diocese of Cures with the church of Mentana. Bishop Gratiosus of Mentana will now have full power over both sees, including ordination and promotion of clergy. Gregory the Great, Letter 3.20, AD 593.
ID
ER 2319
Gregory the Great sends Bishop Leontius as visitor to Rimini, because its bishop lays ill in Rome. Leontius is granted full episcopal power the city, safe the ordination of clergy. Gregory the Great, Letter 3.24, AD 593.
ID
ER 2320
Funerary inscription of the Presbyter Bonifatius. Tiaret (North Africa), AD 461.
ID
ER 2321
Funerary inscription of the Presbyter Bonifatius. Theveste (North Africa), 4th/7th c.
ID
ER 2322
Funerary inscription of the Presbyter Capsarius. Theveste (North Africa), AD 495.
ID
ER 2323
DRAFT Fulgentius the Mitographer dedicates his book to the Presbyter Catus of Carthage (North Africa). 5th/6th c.
ID
ER 2324
Presbyter Saturninus is among the martyrs of Abitina, apprehended while celebrating the Sunday Eucharist and killed in Carthage (North Africa) in AD 304. Account of the "Passio of Saturninus, Dativus and their companions", written in Africa, probably in the early 5th c.
ID
ER 2325
Gregory the Great informs the presbyter Magnus from Milan that his excommunication, imposed by the recently deceased Bishop Laurentius of Milan, has been lifted. Gregory the Great, Letter 3.26, AD 593.
ID
ER 2326
The presbyter Magnus from Milan and the cleric Yppolitus from the same church carry a letter from the clergy of Milan to Gregory the Great, informing him that the deacon Constantius is a suitable candidate for episcopacy. Gregory the Great, Letter 3.29, AD 593.
ID
ER 2327
Gregory the Great orders Defensor Sabinus of Sardinia to investigate the case of the presbyter Epiphanius from Cagliari, who is seemingly accused of some indecent relations with a certain woman. Gregory the Great, Letter 3.36, AD 593.
ID
ER 2328
Gregory the Great informs Bishop Januarius of Cagliari (Sardinia) that his Presbyter Epiphanius, who was seemingly accused of some indecent relations with a woman, has been acquitted. Gregory the Great, Letter 4.24, AD 594.
ID
ER 2329
Archpresbyter Epiphanius from Cagliari (Sardinia) informs Gregory on some issues concerning the diocese of Cagliari, including the the case of local abesses dressing as "presbyterae" have a custom to do. Gregory the Great, Letter 9.198, AD 599.
ID
ER 2330
DRAFT Archpresbyter Epiphanius from Cagliari (Sardinia) informs Gregory . Gregory the Great, Letter 14.2, AD 603.
ID
ER 2331
Some old presbyters from Tours (Gaul) told Bishop Gregory of Tours that the relics of the Theban martyrs of Agaune had been deposited in the main basilica of Tours long ago, 573/594. Gregory of Tours, "Histories", Tours (Gaul), AD 594.
ID
ER 2332
DRAFT: The representants of the bishop of Rome, Bishops Paschasinus and Lucentius and Presbyter Bonifatius, at the Council of Chalcedon argue against the possibility of demoting bishops to the rank of a presbyter, AD 451. Session in the case of Photius and Eustachius 49-56, Council of Chalcedon, AD 451.
ID
ER 2333
The Emperors Honorius and Theodosius issue a law against the Montanists forbidding them to create clerics (bishops, presbyters, deacons) and to gather for liturgical celebrations. The law also impose penalties on lay people who provide the Montanists with places to convene. The law issued on 31 October 415, included in the Theodosian Code (16.5.57) published in 438.
ID
ER 2335
The Emperors Theodosius and Valentinian III issue a law against the heretics forbidding them to have places of cult, administer sacraments, make and receive gifts, make and receive property by a testament. The law issued on 30 May 428, included in the Theodosian Code (16.5.65) published in 438.
ID
ER 2336
Gregory of Tours acknowledges that the presbyter Venantius Fortunatus wrote a poem on Saint Martin` life in four books, 573–576. Account of Gregory of Tours, "The Miracles of the Bishop Martin", Tours (Gaul), AD 573/594.
ID
ER 2337
Gaudiosus, a monk, is granting to his monastery in Asan (Iberian Peninsula) and to the presbyter Victorianus (probably the abbot) the land estates in the territories of Tierrantona, Barbastro, Lerida, Osicerda, Orrit, Aneu, Guisona, Osona and Aquense (Iberian Peninsula). The document dated to 23 December 522 from the archives of the monastery of San Victorian of Asán (northern Iberian peninsula).
ID
ER 2338
The clerics of Tarentum petition Gregory the Great to seek compensation for the wrongs done to them by their bishop, Andrew. Gregory orders Bishop John of Gallipoli to right these wrongdoings. Gregory the Great, Letter 3.45, AD 593.
ID
ER 2339
Gregory the Great urges Bishop Columbus of unknown see in Numidia (Africa) to prevent unlawful clerical ordinations. Gregory the Great, Letter 3.47, AD 593.
ID
ER 2340
Gregory the Great urges Bishop Adeodatus, the primate of Numidia (Africa), to be wary of illegal ordinations of clerics and deliberate over this matter on the upcoming council of the Numidian bishops. Gregory the Great, Letter 3.48, AD 593.
ID
ER 2341
DRAFT Account of Gregory of Tours, "Histories", Tours (Gaul), AD 573–594.
ID
ER 2342
Ambrose, bishop of Milan (Italy) in a philosophical treatise about duties "De officiis" says that it is shameful, especially for the priests, to pester the sick and dying in the hope of getting their inheritances. He also advises priests not to get involved in cases concering financial affairs. Milan, the late 380s.
ID
ER 2343
DRAFT: Various grafitti by a Presbyter Romanus in the cemetery of Marcellinus and Peter in Rome
ID
ER 2344
The Emperors Theodosius II and Valentinian issue on 9 July (6 August) 425 in Aquileia (Italy) a law which confirms the judicial privileges of clerics and imposes restriction on unorthodox groups. The Sirmondian Constitution 6.
ID
ER 2345
The Emperors Honorius and Arcadius issue a law which orders clerics who have been condemned by their bishops and who belong to the curial class to join the municipal councils. On 27 November 408 in Ravenna (Italy). The Sirmondian Constitution 9.
ID
ER 2346
Jerome comments on the duty of bishops and presbyters to teach the faithful. Jerome, "Commentary on Ecclesiastes", AD 388.
ID
ER 2347
Gregory the Great applauds Bishop Theodore of Lilybaeum for gathering information on wrongdoings of priests. Gregory the Great, Letter 3.49, AD 593.
ID
ER 2348
Jerome comments on the presbyters and bishops administering penance. Jerome, "Commentary on Ecclesiastes", AD 388.
ID
ER 2349
Gregory the Great rebukes Bishop John of Ravenna. Among other things, he instructs him how to deal with presbyters guilty of a crime and prohibits presbyters of Ravenna to use the mappulae. Gregory the Great, Letter 3.54, AD 593.
ID
ER 2351
Jerome compares presbyters to the senate of the bishop. Jerome, "Commentary on Isaiah", AD 404-410.
ID
ER 2352
Jerome counts presbyters among five orders of the Church. Jerome, "Commentary on Isaiah", AD 404-410.
ID
ER 2353
Jerome compares the presbyters to the priests of the Old Testament. Jerome, "Commentary on Jeremiah", AD 414-419.
ID
ER 2354
Presbyters Argipinus (or Agripinus) and Iulianus sign the document by which Bishop Aquilinus of Narbonne donates villages in the territories of Tierrantona and Barbastro to the monastery of Saint Martin in Asan and its abbot Florentius; dated to 22 February 576.
ID
ER 2355
Funerary inscription of the presbyter Stephanus and his wife Martana on the cover of the sarcophagus found at the cemetery of Crikvine near Salona (Dalmatia), probably the 6th century.
ID
ER 2356
In his letter to Gregory the Great Bishop John of Ravenna defends the use of the mappulae by his presbyters. He claims that they traditionally wore them during the ordinations of the bishops of Ravenna in Rome. John of Ravenna, Letter to Gregory the Great (also known as Gregory the Great, Letter 3.54a), AD 593.
ID
ER 2357
Gregory the Great reminds Bishop Secundinus of Taormina (Sicily) his wish to install a chapel in the place of baptistry in the monastery of Saint Andrew above Mascalae. Gregory the Great, Letter 3.56, AD 593.
ID
ER 2358
Gregory the Great asks Bishop Fortunatus of Naples to dedicate the oratory in the nunnery found by late Rustica near Herculaneum (Italy), so that the presbyters serving in the convent could celebrate Masses there. Neither bishop, nor the presbyters will be entitled to any offerings left to this monastery. Gregory the Great, Letter 3.58, AD 593.
ID
ER 2359
Gregory the Great applauds Emperor Maurice in his decision to forbid public officials to seek ecclesiastical rank. Gregory the Great, Letter 3.61, AD 593.
ID
ER 2360
Liber ordinum, the ritual in the use of the Church in Iberian Peninsula, probably representing the liturgy from the period between the 7th c. (or even the 6th c.) to 11th c., includes the rite of reconciliation of the penitent by a priest.
ID
ER 2361
Liber ordinum, the ritual in the use of the Church in Iberian Peninsula, probably representing the liturgy from the period between the 7th c. (or even the 6th c.) to 11th c., includes the rites of anointment with chrism of the former Arian by the priest and the prayer accompanying the laying of hands on those who had been rebaptized.
ID
ER 2362
Gregory the Great reminds Bishop Boniface of Reggio (Sicily) that he ought to discipline his clergy, so that they will be dutiful in their office. Gregory the Great, Letter 4.5, AD 593.
ID
ER 2363
Gregory the Great instructs Bishop Januarius of Cagliari (Sardinia) that every cleric guilty of adultury committed with a nun should be deprived of his office and locked in a monastery. Presbyters should anoint infants on the breast during baptism, so that bishops will anoint on the forehead during confirmation. Gregory the Great, Letter 4.9, AD 593.
ID
ER 2364
Gregory the Great rebukes Bishop Maximian of Syracuse (Sicily) for the unjust distribution of church revenues. Presbyters who have assigned clerical duties cannot keep their appointments after becoming monastic supervisors. Higher clergy should list all their ecclesiastical property when their bishop dies. Clerics serving temporarily in some parishes outside of their diocese should receive adequate stipends. Gregory the Great, Letter 4.11, AD 593.
ID
ER 2365
Gregory the Great writes to Bishop Clementius of Hadrumetum (North Africa), on behalf of the presbyter Adeodatus. Adeodatus was deprived of his position due to two-months absence and another presbyter took his post. Gregory the Great, Letter 4.13, AD 593.
ID
ER 2366
Liber ordinum, the ritual in the use of the Church in Iberian Peninsula, probably representing the liturgy from the period between the 7th c. (or even the 6th c.) to 11th c., includes the rite celebrated at the deathbed of a cleric and directly after his death.
ID
ER 2367
Gregory the Great is outraged that the presbyters in charge of the church of Saint Pancratius in Rome (Italy) neglect their duties. He dismisses them and entrusts the church to the monks that will be installed in the adjacent monastery. A presbyter from the outside of this community should be employed and sustained by the monastery in which he will also live, to celebrate Mass. Gregory the Great, Letter 4.18, AD 594.
ID
ER 2368
DRAFT Jerome of Stridon describes the bishops and presbyters as the judges in the Church.
ID
ER 2369
Liber ordinum, the ritual in the use of the Church in Iberian Peninsula, probably representing the liturgy from the period between the 7th c. (or even the 6th c.) to 11th c., includes the rite of consecration of a new tomb and burial presided by a priest.
ID
ER 2370
The church is compared to the Moon and the clerical ranks - bishops, presbyters, deacons, and other clerics to stars each shining with different light to preach the Lord. Arnobius the Younger, Commentary on the Psalms, written in Rome, mid-5th c.
ID
ER 2371
The heretics known as Tertullianists led by a presbyter control the church of Processus and Martinianus in Rome during the usurpation of Maximus (387-388; it may be an error for Eugenius who controlled Rome in 392-394). Arnobius the Younger, Praedestinatus, probably c. 440 in Rome.
ID
ER 2372
Pope Alexander (the early 2nd c.) sends the presbyter Sabinianus to Sicily to refute heresy of Heracleon. Sabinianus is so effective that Heracleon escapes Sicily in the middle of the night and is no more heard of. Arnobius the Younger, Praedestinatus, probably c. 440 in Rome.
ID
ER 2373
Tertullian, presbyter of Carthage, defends the heretic Montanus and in this opposes Soter, bishop of Rome (169-174). Arnobius the Younger, Praedestinatus, probably c. 440 in Rome.
ID
ER 2374
Draft: The Presbyter Severus offers a commerative inscription to St Peter, mentioning Pope John II (533-535), known also as Mercurius, formerly the presbyter of the titular church of St Clement in Rome. Rome, AD 533 .