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ID
ER 376
Braulio, bishop of Saragossa (Iberian Peninsula) answers to the letter of Taio, presbyter and abbot in Saragossa concerning the relics of Christ`s blood (AD 649-651).
ID
ER 377
Fructuosus, presbyter in Iberian Peninsula, writes to Braulio, bishop of Saragossa (AD 649-651) asking him for explanation of a problematic passage in the Old Testament and for copies of the Conferences of Cassian and lives of saints for his monastery (ca AD 651).
ID
ER 387
Braulio, bishop of Saragossa (AD 649-651) replies to the letter of the presbyter Fructuosus in Galicia. He praises his monastic vocation, answers to his scriptural questions, warns him of the Priscillian heresy and says that he does not have the copies of the requested books (ca AD 651).
ID
ER 232
The law issued by King Reccesvinth (ca AD 649-672) concerning clerics who are married or live with a woman. The codification known as Lex Visigothorum (issued and re-edited several times between 569 and 702).
ID
ER 1889
Funerary inscription commissioned by an anonumous presbyter for his close female relative, most probably wife, Trier (Gaul), ca 650/700.
ID
ER 778
Flainus, presbyter of the local church (possibly of St. Felix) in Castrum Petrense (region of Bierzo, near Astorga, Iberian Peninsula) harasses the monk Valerius, the 7th century. Valerius of Bierzo, ''Ordo querimoniae", 2nd half of the 7th century.
ID
ER 779
Valerius, a hermit in the region of Bierzo (Iberian Peninsula), lives in a cell near the church in the estate called Ebronanto. Its owner, Ricimer, attempts to build a new church and ordain Valerius a presbyter against his will, but is prevented by sudden death. Valerius of Bierzo, "Ordo querimoniae", 2nd half of the 7th century.
ID
ER 780
Valerius, hermit of Bierzo (Iberian Peninsula), and the deacon Simplicius are harassed by the drunkard presbyter Justus, probably of Castrum Petrense (region of Bierzo, near Astorga, Iberian Peninsula), the 7th century. Valerius of Bierzo, "Ordo querimoniae", 2nd half of the 7th century.
ID
ER 781
Valerius, monk of Bierzo (Iberian Peninsula), receives a young cleric as his disciple and minister in everyday issues and giving alms. Valerius of Bierzo, "Replicatio sermonum", 2nd half of the 7th century.
ID
ER 782
A young man named John seeks the monastic life and joins the monk Valerius in his hermitage in Bierzo (Iberian Peninsula). Later, John builds a new monastery, and is there ordained a presbyter. Valerius of Bierzo, "Replicatio sermonum", 2nd half of the 7th century.
ID
ER 783
Presbyter John receives a disciple, Saturninus, who later leaves him and joins the monk Valerius in his hermitage in the region of Bierzo (Iberian Peninsula). He and Valerius decide to build a church there. Valerius of Bierzo, "Replicatio sermonum", 2nd half of the 7th century.
ID
ER 784
Presbyter Saturninus, a monk in Bierzo (Iberian Peninsula), harms himself during work and is miraculously healed while celebrating the Eucharist. Valerius of Bierzo, "Replicatio sermonum", 2nd half of the 7th century.
ID
ER 785
Presbyter Saturninus, a monk in Bierzo (Iberian Peninsula), comes to the church for the office, but finds the door shut. He invokes God, and the door miraculously opens. Valerius of Bierzo, "Replicatio sermonum", 2nd half of the 7th century.
ID
ER 786
Presbyter Saturninus, monk in Bierzo (Iberian Peninsula), cultivates vegetables and protects them from destruction by a veil blessed on the altar. Valerius of Bierzo, "Replicatio sermonum", 2nd half of the 7th century.
ID
ER 789
Presbyter Saturninus, monk in Bierzo (Iberian Peninsula), anoints a layman, Basil, and heals him. Valerius of Bierzo, "Replicatio sermonum", 2nd half of the 7th century.
ID
ER 790
Presbyter Saturninus, monk in Bierzo (Iberian Peninsula), separates from his fellow monk Valerius, builds an altar, and nearby a cell where he shuts himself. However, he does not persevere, and one day leaves the place, taking an ass and liturgical books. "Replicatio sermonum", 2nd half of the 7th century.
ID
ER 791
Presbyter John, monk in Bierzo (Iberian Peninsula) and a former disciple of Valerius, is killed before the altar in his church by a peasant. "Replicatio sermonum", 2nd half of the 7th century.
ID
ER 1949
Abba Theodosius from the surroundings of Guarrazar (central Iberian Peninsula) offers a gold votive crown in honour of saint Stephen, the second half of the seventh century.
ID
ER 638
The poetic letter of Eugenius II, bishop of Toledo (Iberian Peninsula) to his friend, the presbyter Eusychius. Eugenius II, bishop of Toledo, "Libellus carminum", AD 653/657.
ID
ER 650
Canon 3 of the Eighth Council of Toledo (Iberian Peninsula, AD 653) forbids the offering and accepting money for an episcopal office.
ID
ER 651
Canon 5 of the Eighth Council of Toledo (Iberian Peninsula, AD 653) forbids clerics to live with women.
ID
ER 653
Canon 7 of the Eighth Council of Toledo (Iberian Peninsula, AD 653) asserts that the clerical ordination is valid even if it was accepted involuntarily, and forbids those who were involuntarily ordained to have wives and lead a secular life.
ID
ER 669
Canon 8 of the Eighth Council of Toledo (Iberian Peninsula, AD 653) orders clerics to know by heart the Psalter, common hymns and canticles, and the rite of baptism.
ID
ER 671
Canon 9 of the Eighth Council of Toledo (Iberian Peninsula, AD 653) imposes punishments on those who do not observe a fast. Those who are sick or old can refrain from fasting only after they have been permitted to do so by a priest.
ID
ER 672
Signatures of the presbyters present at the Eighth Council of Toledo (Iberian Peninsula, AD 653).
ID
ER 582
Pope Martin I (AD 649-655) rallies the clergy around him during the Monothelete controversy (AD 649). The account of the "Life of Martin", written in Rome shortly after his death, as a part of the Liber Pontificalis.
ID
ER 704
Canon 1 of the Ninth Council of Toledo (Iberian Peninsula, AD 655) forbids priests to take for themselves things donated to the churches by the faithful.
ID
ER 706
Canon 2 of the Ninth Council of Toledo (Iberian Peninsula, AD 655) orders the founders of churches to take care of them and provide them with clerics. If founders do not have a suitable person to be ordained, the bishop shall provide one, but with the assent of the founder.
ID
ER 719
Canon 3 of the Ninth Council of Toledo (Iberian Peninsula, AD 655) orders priests and deacons to compose a document every time they remit a loan given from the property of their Church.
ID
ER 720
Canon 4 of the Ninth Council of Toledo (Iberian Peninsula, AD 655) sets rules for sharing the inheritance of a cleric between his heirs and the Church.
ID
ER 721
Canon 7 of the Ninth Council of Toledo (Iberian Peninsula, AD 655) forbids the heirs of bishops to take possession of the inheritance without the knowledge of the metropolitan bishop. Similarly, the heirs of presbyters and deacons must inform the bishop and obtain his consent.
ID
ER 737
Canon 8 of the Ninth Council of Toledo (Iberian Peninsula, AD 655) orders that the time within which a church can claim property unjustly bestowed by a priest be counted not from the moment of the issuance of the charter but from the death of the priest.
ID
ER 738
Canon 10 of the Ninth Council of Toledo (Iberian Peninsula, AD 655) condemns children of clerics, forbids them to inherit from their fathers, and forces them to remain in the service of the church of their fathers.
ID
ER 743
Canon 11 of the Ninth Council of Toledo (Iberian Peninsula, AD 655) orders bishops to liberate Church servants if they are to be ordained.
ID
ER 744
Signature of the archpresbyter Marcellinus of Toledo (Iberian Peninsula) under the minutes of the Ninth Council of Toledo (AD 655).
ID
ER 803
Canon 3 of the Tenth Council of Toledo (Iberian Peninsula, AD 656) forbids bishops to appoint their relatives and favourites as heads of monasteries and churches.
ID
ER 808
Canon 4 of the Tenth Council of Toledo (Iberian Peninsula, AD 656) orders candidates for the order of widows to give a priest a written declaration of their will to enter the order and remain in chastity, and that they shall receive a habit from the priest.
ID
ER 809
Canon 5 of the Tenth Council of Toledo (Iberian Peninsula, AD 656) makes priests responsible for the disciplinary order of widows.
ID
ER 810
Signatures of the presbyter and two "fathers" (abbates), representatives of the absent bishops at the Tenth Council of Toledo (both in Iberian Peninsula) in AD 656.
ID
ER 811
A decree in the case of Bishop Potamius of Braga (Iberian Peninsula) attached to the acts of the Tenth Council of Toledo (Iberian Peninsula) in AD 656 quotes Canon 4 of the Council of Valence (Gaul, AD 374) that orders to remove from office bishops, presbyters and deacons who committed a mortal sin.
ID
ER 816
Canon 7 of the Tenth Council of Toledo (Iberian Peninsula, AD 656) forbids clerics to sell Christian slaves.
ID
ER 745
Canon 2 of the Tenth Council of Toledo (Iberian Peninsula, AD 656) forbids clerics and monks to break oaths made on the life of the king, people or kingdom.
ID
ER 557
Justus, a former deacon of Toledo (Iberian Peninsula) and bishop, is strangled by his clerics. Account of Ildefonsus of Toledo, "On the Lives of the Famous Men", ca 657/667.
ID
ER 558
Gerontius, presbyter in Toledo (Iberian Peninsula, ca AD 633/636) goes mad because he insulted his bishop Justus. Account of Ildefonsus of Toledo, "On the Lives of Famous Men", ca AD 657/667.
ID
ER 559
Lucidius, presbyter in Toledo (Iberian Peninsula, 636/647) goes mad and is paralysed because he extorted the presbyterial ordination. Account of Ildefonsus of Toledo, "On the Lives of Famous Men," 657/667.
ID
ER 560
Ildefonsus, bishop of Toledo (Iberian Peninsula), mentions the letters of Montanus, bishop of Toledo, concerning the presbyters of Palencia (Iberian Peninsula, ca AD 527). Account of Ildefonsus of Toledo, "On the Lives of Famous Men", ca AD 657/667.
ID
ER 583
Pope Eugene I (654-657) is generous to the clergy and the poor. Account of the "Life of Eugene", written in Rome shortly after his death, as a part of the "Liber Pontificalis".
ID
ER 584
The clergy of Rome force Pope Eugene I (AD 654-657) to reject the letter from Peter, patriarch of Constantinople, about the wills in Christ. Rome, AD 656 AD. Account of the "Life of Eugene", written in Rome shortly after his death, as a part of the Liber Pontificalis.
ID
ER 701
Baptism shall be administered only by priests, that is, bishops and presbyters. Ildefonsus, bishop of Toledo (Iberian Peninsula), "De cognitione baptismi", AD 657/667.
ID
ER 702
Presbyters shall not impose hands, consecrate chrism nor anoint the foreheads of the baptized with chrism, because these are the privileges of bishops. Ildefonsus of Toledo (Iberian Peninsula), "De cognitione baptismi", AD 657/667).
ID
ER 984
Children step on cilices spread on the ground while led to the anointed by a priest during the rite of baptism. Account of Ildefonsus of Toledo (Iberian Peninsula), "De cognitione baptismi," AD 657/667).
ID
ER 985
Priests teach catechumens during the time of preparation for baptism. Account of Ildefonsus of Toledo (Iberian Peninsula), "De cognitione baptismi", AD 657/667.
ID
ER 986
In the rite of baptism the catechumens are anointed with oil blessed by the priest. Account of Ildefonsus of Toledo (Iberian Peninsula), "De cognitione baptismi", AD 657/667).
ID
ER 987
Catechumens that are to be baptized have to declare the creed on Maundy Thursday before the priest. Account of Ildefonsus of Toledo (Iberian Peninsula), "De cognitione baptismi", AD 657/667).
ID
ER 988
A priest blesses the water that miraculously filled the baptismal font. After the baptism has been performed by a priest, the flow stops. Account of Ildefonsus of Toledo (Iberian Peninsula), "De cognitione baptismi," AD 657/667).
ID
ER 990
On the baptismal formula uttered by a priest administering baptism. Account of Ildefonsus of Toledo (Iberian Peninsula), "De cognitione baptismi", AD 657/667).
ID
ER 1622
Canon 1 of the Council of Bordeaux (Gaul, AD 662/675) decrees that clerics should wear appropriate cloths and not carry arms.
ID
ER 1623
Canon 2 of the Council of Bordeaux (Gaul, AD 662/675) decrees that clerics cannot have lay patrons or belong to someone`s household without their bishop`s permission.
ID
ER 1624
Canon 3 of the Council of Bordeaux (Gaul, AD 662/675) decrees that clerics should not live in one home with non-related women.
ID
ER 1625
Canon 4 of the Council of Bordeaux (Gaul, AD 662/675) decrees that mutual respect should mark the relations between the clergy and the bishop.
ID
ER 1626
Two abbots, quite probably presbyters, attend and sign the acts of the Council of Bordeaux (Gaul, AD 662/675) in the name of their absent bishops.
ID
ER 1636
Canon 1 of the Council of Bishop Leudegarius of Autun (Gaul, AD 663/680) decrees that presbyters should know by heart the Apostolic Symbol and the Creed of Saint Athanasius of Alexandria.
ID
ER 590
The presbyter Benenatus tells stories about the miracles of Saint Fructuosus, otherwise known to be a presbyter at Braga (died AD 660, Iberian Peninsula). Ps.-Valerius of Bierzo, "Life of Saint Fructuosus", ca AD 670/680.
ID
ER 599
Presbyter Julian, once a monk in the monastery in Nono (unknown location in the southern Iberian Peninsula, probably near Cádiz) tells a story of its foundation by Fructuosus, who was possibly already a presbyter, in approximately the middle of the 7th century. Ps.-Valerius of Bierzo, "Life of Saint Fructuosus", ca AD 670/680.
ID
ER 600
The presbyter Benenatus tells a story about the nun Benedicta. Ps.-Valerius of Bierzo, "Life of Saint Fructuosus," ca 650/680.
ID
ER 792
Canon 5 of the council in Mérida in AD 666 orders that bishops can send as their representative only an archpresbyter or presbyter, and not a deacon to a council.
ID
ER 817
Canon 9 of the Council in Mérida (Iberian Peninsula) in AD 666 forbids presbyters to receive payments for the distribution of chrism and baptism.
ID
ER 818
Canon 10 of the Council in Mérida (Iberian Peninsula) in AD 666 orders bishops to appoint an archpresbyter, archdeacon and primiclerus in their churches.
ID
ER 821
Canon 11 of the Council in Mérida (Iberian Peninsula) in AD 666 orders presbyters, deacons, and fathers (abbates) to be obedient to their bishops, and forbids them to undertake secular affairs without the consent of their bishop.
ID
ER 831
Canon 12 of the Council in Mérida (Iberian Peninsula) in AD 666 allows bishops to promote presbyters and deacons from their diocese to the cathedral clergy, but obliges them to provide a replacement in parish churches.
ID
ER 832
Canon 13 of the Council in Mérida (Iberian Peninsula) in AD 666 allows bishops to grant clerics rewards from ecclesiastical property.
ID
ER 833
Canon 14 of the Council in Merida (Iberian Peninsula) in AD 666 indicates how to divide among the clergy the offerings brought to the Church by the faithful.
ID
ER 842
Canon 15 of the Council in Mérida (Iberian Peninsula) in AD 666 forbids bishops and presbyters to impose severe corporal punishments on slaves belonging to the Church.
ID
ER 844
Canon 16 of the Council in Merida (Iberian Peninsula) in AD 666 forbids bishops to take one third of donations given to parish churches, but obligates presbyters to spend this money on repaires for basilicas.
ID
ER 847
Canon 17 of the Council in Mérida (Iberian Peninsula) in AD 666 forbids clerics and laymen to revile a deceased bishop. A presbyter guilty of this wrongdoing shall be punished by three months of penance.
ID
ER 848
Canon 18 of the Council in Mérida (Iberian Peninsula) in AD 666 orders parish presbyters to ordain clerics from the familia of their church as their assistants.
ID
ER 850
Canon 19 of the Council in Mérida (Iberian Peninsula) in AD 666 orders presbyters who have many churches in their care to celebrate Mass on Sunday in each of them.
ID
ER 851
Canon 20 of the Council in Mérida (Iberian Peninsula) in AD 666 regulates the manumissions of slaves of the Church performed by bishops and presbyters.
ID
ER 852
Canon 22 of the Council in Mérida (Iberian Peninsula) in AD 666 imposes punishments on those who will not observe all the canons decreed by the council.
ID
ER 585
Pope Vitalianus (AD 657-672) greets with his clergy the Emperor Constans II outside Rome; AD 663. Account of the "Life of Vitalianus", written in Rome shortly after his death, as a part of the Liber Pontificalis.
ID
ER 545
The law issued by king Wamba in AD 673 imposes punishments on the clerics who avoid participation in protecting the country during the hostile raids. The codification known as the Lex Visigothorum (issued and re-edited several times between 569 and 702).
ID
ER 551
The law issued by King Wamba in AD 673 imposes punishments on clerics and laymen who avoid taking part in the defence of the country. The codification known as the Lex Visigothorum (created in a few redactions between AD 569 and 702).
ID
ER 1629
Canon 2 of the Council of Losne (Gaul, AD 673/675) decrees that clerics should not carry arms.
ID
ER 1630
Canon 4 of the Council of Losne (Gaul, AD 673/675) decrees that clerics should not live in one house with women to whom they are not related.
ID
ER 1631
Canon 7 of the Council of Losne (Gaul, AD 673/675) decrees that no cleric can travel without letters of recommendation from his bishop or abbot.
ID
ER 1632
Canon 9 of the Council of Losne (Gaul, AD 673/675) decrees that no layman should be ordained an archpresbyter in the parish.
ID
ER 1633
Canon 15 of the Council of Losne (Gaul, AD 673/675) decrees that presbyters should not hunt.
ID
ER 1042
Canon 1 of the Third Council of Braga (Iberian Peninsula, AD 675) orders the use of only bread and wine for the Eucharistic offering, and forbids their substitution with milk and grapes.
ID
ER 1043
Canon 2 of the Third Council of Braga (Iberian Peninsula, AD 675) forbids the use of sacred vessels in secular activities.
ID
ER 1044
Canon 3 of the Third Council of Braga (Iberian Peninsula, AD 675) forbids priests to celebrate mass without a stole.
ID
ER 1045
Canon 4 of the Third Council of Braga (Iberian Peninsula, AD 675) forbids clerics to live with women other than their mothers.
ID
ER 1046
Canon 6 of the Third Council of Braga (Iberian Peninsula, AD 675) forbids priests to impose corporal punishments on clerics.
ID
ER 1047
Canon 7 of the Third Council of Braga (Iberian Peninsula, AD 675) forbids the buying ecclesiastical offices.
ID
ER 1048
Canon 8 of the Third Council of Braga (Iberian Peninsula, AD 675) forbids priests to use the familia of the Church to work on their private lands and neglect the lands of the Church.
ID
ER 857
Canon 3 of the Eleventh Council in Toledo (Iberian Peninsula, AD 675) forbids bishops and priests to celebrate liturgy differently than in the metropolitan see.
ID
ER 860
Canon 4 of the Eleventh Council in Toledo (Iberian Peninsula, AD 675) punishes priests who have conflicts with each other.
ID
ER 864
Canon 6 of the Eleventh Council in Toledo (Iberian Peninsula, AD 675) forbids priests to punish members of the familia of the Church with mutilation or death.
ID
ER 865
Canon 7 of the Eleventh Council in Toledo (Iberian Peninsula, AD 675) orders priests to pronounce sentences in criminal cases according to the described rules.
ID
ER 866
Canon 8 of the Eleventh Council in Toledo (Iberian Peninsula, AD 675) forbids bishops, presbyters, deacons and subdeacons to receive payments for baptism, anointment, consecration of chrism, or for promoting someone in clerical rank.
ID
ER 615
The law issued by King Wamba in AD 675 forbids bishops to take property from the churches in their dioceses, and orders them to inform parish priests about the rights to which their churches are entitled. The codification is known as the Lex Visigothorum (issued and re-edited several times between 569 and 702).