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ID
ER 2070
Anonymous author of the "Incomplete Commentary on Matthew" interprets the parable of the talents as referring to various states in the Church. The one who received five talents is interpreted as a presbyter, the one who received two talents to a deacon, the one who received one talent as a lay person. The mid-5th c., the Danubian provinces or Constantinople.
ID
ER 2071
Presbyter Paulinus, later bishop of Nola, writes to Presbyter Amandus of Bordeaux (Gaul). Paulinus intervenes on behalf of Presbyter Basilius of Capua (Italy) who was expelled from his house by Daducius, a nobleman from Aquitania. Paulinus of Nola, Letter 12, AD 397/398.
ID
ER 2072
Anonymous author of the "Incomplete Commentary on Matthew" speaks about the delight the priests feel when they preach to a large audience. The mid-5th c., the Danubian provinces or Constantinople.
ID
ER 2073
Anonymous author of the "Incomplete Commentary on Matthew" mentions the blessing of the children performed by priests. The mid-5th c., the Danubian provinces or Constantinople.
ID
ER 2074
Presbyter Paulinus, later bishop of Nola, writes to Bishop Delphinus of Bordeaux (Gaul). Paulinus thanks Delphinus for his intervention on behalf of Presbyter Basilius of Capua (Italy) who was expelled from his house by Daducius, a nobleman from Aquitania. Paulinus of Nola, Letter 14, AD 397/398.
ID
ER 2075
Presbyter Paulinus, later bishop of Nola, writes to Presbyter Amandus of Bordeaux (Gaul). Paulinus thanks Amandus for his intervention on behalf of Presbyter Basilius of Capua (Italy) who was expelled from his house by Daducius, a nobleman from Aquitania. Paulinus of Nola, Letter 15, AD 397/398.
ID
ER 2076
Anonymous author of the "Incomplete Commentary on Matthew" says that the sinfulness of priests is the sign of the end of the world. The mid-5th century, the Danubian provinces or Constantinople.
ID
ER 2077
Presbyter Paulinus, later bishop of Nola, writes to Bishop Delphinus of Bordeaux (Gaul). Paulinus describes his cordial relations with Pope Anastasius. Account of Paulinus of Nola, Letter 20, AD 400/401.
ID
ER 2078
Presbyter Paulinus, later bishop at Nola, writes to the presbyter Sulpicius Severus at Primuliacum (Gaul). The courier of Sulpicius` letters to Paulinus is Victor. During his stay in Nola, he cuts Paulinus` hair. Paulinus of Nola, Letter 23, AD 400.
ID
ER 2079
Anonymous author of the "Incomplete Commentary on Matthew" compares the heretical priests to the priests and scribes in whose hands, according to the Gospel, Christ was delivered. The mid-5th c., the Danubian provinces or Constantinople.
ID
ER 2080
Anonymous author of the "Incomplete Commentary on Matthew" claims that the spiritual well-being of Christian congregations depends on whether their priesthood is morally sound. The mid-5th c., the Danubian provinces or Constantinople.
ID
ER 2081
Anonymous author of the "Incomplete Commentary on Matthew" says that the lack of repentance of priests is worse than the sin of lay people who then convert. The mid-5th c., the Danubian provinces or Constantinople.
ID
ER 2082
Anonymous author of the "Incomplete Commentary on Matthew" says that the priests are expected to be morally superior to the laity. The mid-5th c., the Danubian provinces or Constantinople.
ID
ER 2083
Anonymous author of the "Incomplete Commentary on Matthew" comments the Parable of the Two Sons (Matt 21:28-32) refering it to the roles of laity and clergy in the Church. A layman who converts is better than a hypocritical cleric. The mid-5th c., the Danubian provinces or Constantinople.
ID
ER 2084
Anonymous author of the "Incomplete Commentary on Matthew" compares the priests to the tenants of the vineyard of God. The mid-5th c., the Danubian provinces or Constantinople.
ID
ER 2085
The Emperor Constantine issues a law allowing to manumit slaves in churches in the presence of bishops. Clerics can manumit their own slaves immediately and without witnesses. The law issued on 18 April 321 in Constantinople, included in the Theodosian Code, published in 438 (4.7.1), and repeated in the Justinian Code, promulgated in 529 and then again 534 (1.13.2).
ID
ER 2086
The Emperors Theodosius and Valentinian issue the law on intestate inheritance in case of the clergy and consecrated persons. The law issued on 15 December 434 in Constantinople, included in the Theodosian Code published in 438 and in the Breviary of Alaric published in 506 in Gaul, as well as repeated in the Justinian Code promulgated in 529 and then again 534.
ID
ER 2087
The Emperors Honorius and Theodosius issue the law on the exposed children according to which one can take up an exposed child provided that it is confirmed by the bishop (and his clerics, as specified in the interpretation in the Breviary). The law issued on 19 March 412 in Constantinople, included in the Theodosian Code published in 438 and in the Breviary of Alaric published in 506 in Gaul, as well as repeated in the Justinian Code promulgated in 529 and then again 534.
ID
ER 2088
Anonymous author of the "Incomplete Commentary on Matthew" criticizes those priests who care only for they profits and not for the spiritual well-being of their flock. The mid-5th c., the Danubian provinces or Constantinople.
ID
ER 2089
Anonymous author of the "Incomplete Commentary on Matthew" argues that the priests are more honourable than the lay people but they are not more useful. The mid-5th c., the Danubian provinces or Constantinople.
ID
ER 2090
Anonymous author of the "Incomplete Commentary on Matthew" claims that only holy persons can truly be priests. Many priests act faithlessly but their good teaching still should be observed. The mid-5th c., the Danubian provinces or Constantinople.
ID
ER 2091
Anonymous author of the "Incomplete Commentary on Matthew" criticizes priests who do not fulfill what they teach and exhorts priests to be forgiving to people and exacting to themselves. The mid-5th c., the Danubian provinces or Constantinople.
ID
ER 2092
Anonymous author of the "Incomplete Commentary on Matthew" says that the devil especially strives to corrupt the clergy and notices that the clergy always repent with difficulty when they sin because they feel ashamed. The mid-5th c., the Danubian provinces or Constantinople.
ID
ER 2093
Anonymous author of the "Incomplete Commentary on Matthew" says that the Church uses priests to gather all the people. The mid-5th c., the Danubian provinces or Constantinople.
ID
ER 2094
Anonymous author of the "Incomplete Commentary on Matthew" says that the priests should be especially should protect Christians from being led astray. The mid-5th c., the Danubian provinces or Constantinople.
ID
ER 2095
Presbyter Paulinus, later bishop of Nola, writes to Presbyter Sulpicius Severus from Primuliacum (Gaul). Sulpicius sold all his estates apart from one, which he gave to the church in which he serves, that is most certainly Primuliacum (Gaul). Paulinus of Nola, Letter 24, AD 400.
ID
ER 2096
The Emperors Valentinian, Theodosius, and Arcadius issue the law on penalties which mentions clerics who help convicted criminals to escape. The law issued on 13 March 392 in Constantinople, included in the Theodosian Code published in 438.
ID
ER 2097
Funerary inscription of the Presbyter Gaudentius and his wife Severa, who died in AD 389. Rome, after AD 389.
ID
ER 2098
Funerary inscription of the Presbyter Basilius and his wife Felicitas. Rome, possibly 6th c.
ID
ER 2099
Funerary inscription of the Presbyter Leontius and his grandson. Rome, 4th/5th c.
ID
ER 2100
Presbyter Paulinus, later bishop of Nola, writes to the presbyter Sulpicius Severus from Primuliacum (Gaul). Paulinus passes Sulpicius` request for historical facts on to the presbyter Rufinus of Aquileia (Italy). Paulinus of Nola, Letter 28, AD 402/404.
ID
ER 2101
Presbyter Paulinus, later bishop of Nola, writes to the presbyter Sulpicius Severus from Primuliacum (Gaul). Paulinus thanks Sulpicius for the camel hair shirt he had sent him. Paulinus of Nola, Letter 29, AD 400.
ID
ER 2102
Anonymous author of the "Incomplete Commentary on Matthew" compares priests to the servants to whom whole household has been entrusted. Priests are personally responsible for the sins of their faithful just as household stewards are responsible for the tenants. The mid-5th c., the Danubian provinces or Constantinople.
ID
ER 2103
Anonymous author of the "Incomplete Commentary on Matthew" says that priests should not only be faithful but also wise in order to be useful to others. Their teaching is especially needed in the time of persecution. The mid-5th c., the Danubian provinces or Constantinople.
ID
ER 2104
The Emperors Valentinian, Theodosius, and Arcadius issue the law which forbids monks and clerics to intervene in secular judicial trials. The law issued on 27 July 398 in Constantinople, included in the Theodosian Code, published in 438 and repeated in the Justinian Code promulgated in 529 and then again 534.
ID
ER 2106
Funerary inscription of the Presbyter Leo and his daughter. Rome, AD 445.
ID
ER 2107
Presbyter Paulinus, later bishop of Nola, writes to Presbyter Sulpicius Severus from Primuliacum (Gaul). Paulinus sends to Sulpicius relics of the True Cross for his newly built basilica in Primuliacum. Paulinus of Nola, Letter 31, AD 402/403.
ID
ER 2108
Presbyter Paulinus, later bishop of Nola, writes to Presbyter Sulpicius Severus from Primuliacum (Gaul). Paulinus describes the edifices built by Sulpicius in Primuliacum: two basilicas and a baptistry. Paulinus of Nola, Letter 32, AD 403/404.
ID
ER 2109
Anonymous author of the "Incomplete Commentary on Matthew" says that priests are responsible for the salvation of the others. Also they should avoid bad company but nevertheless be hospitable. The mid-5th c., the Danubian provinces or Constantinople.
ID
ER 2110
Anonymous author of the "Incomplete Commentary on Matthew" presents priests as teachers of good doctrine and those who administer penance. He criticizes people who turn to priests for repentance only in face of death. The mid-5th c., the Danubian provinces or Constantinople.
ID
ER 2111
The Emperors Theodosius, Arcadius, and Honorius issue the law which forbids clerics to hide public debtors. The law issued on 18 October 392 in Constantinople, included in the Theodosian Code published in 438 and in the Breviary of Alaric published in 506 in Gaul, repeated in the Justinian Code promulgated in 529 and then again 534.
ID
ER 2112
Proclinus and Ursus, presbyters of Rome, offer an inscription to the martyr Sebastianus commemorating fulfilment of the vow. Inscription found in the church of San Sebastiano at the Cemetery ad Catacumbas, via Appia, Rome. Probably 401/417 or slightly later.
ID
ER 2113
The Emperors Arcadius, and Honorius issue the law which forbids decurions who have public debt to escape to the church and take holy orders. The law issued on 27 July 398 in Constantinople, included in the Theodosian Code published in 438 and repeated in the Justinian Code promulgated in 529 and then again 534.
ID
ER 2114
The Emperors Theodosius II and Valentinian III issue the law which sets the rules of granting asylum in the church by clerics. The law issued on 23 March 431 in Constantinople, included in the Theodosian Code published in 438, included in the Breviary of Alaric published in Gaul in 506, and repeated in the Justinian Code promulgated in 529 and then again 534.
ID
ER 2115
Presbyter Leo of Rome decorates the memoria of the martyr Hippolytus on the Via Tiburtina in Rome renovated by the effort of Pope Damasus, AD 366-384.
ID
ER 2116
The Emperors Theodosius II and Valentinian III issue the law which sets the rules of granting asylum in the church by clerics. The law issued on 28 March 432 in Constantinople, included in the Theodosian Code published in 438, and repeated in the Justinian Code promulgated in 529 and then again 534.
ID
ER 2117
The dedicatory inscription of the presbyter Ga[. . .] in the basilica of St Clement in Rome, 384/399.
ID
ER 2118
The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, and Theodosius issue the law according to which the presbyters can testify without being tortured. If his testimony is false, litigants can bring an action for fraud against the priest. The law issued on 25 July 385 or 386 in Constantinople, included in the Theodosian Code published in 438 and the Breviary of Alaric published in 506 in Gaul, and repeated in the Justinian Code promulgated in 529 and then again 534.
ID
ER 2119
Presbyter Paulinus, later bishop of Nola, writes to Presbyter Sulpicius Severus from Primuliacum (Gaul). Paulinus sends Sulpicius poems he composed in the praise of monk and Presbyter Clarus. Paulinus of Nola, Letter 32, AD 403/404.
ID
ER 2120
Funerary inscription of the Presbyter Romanus. Rome, AD 461 or 482.
ID
ER 2121
Funerary inscription of an anonymous presbyter. Nola (Southern Italy), AD 461 or 482.
ID
ER 2122
Presbyter Paulinus, later bishop of Nola, writes to Presbyter Sulpicius Severus from Primuliacum (Gaul). Paulinus comments on the erection of the new, larger basilica in Primuliacum, and prepares inscriptions praising relics buried beneath the altar. Relics support prayers the priest is saying at the altar. Paulinus of Nola, Letter 32, AD 403/404.
ID
ER 2123
Funerary poem of the Presbyter Sisinnius in Rome, probably late 4th/5th c.
ID
ER 2124
Funerary inscription of the Presbyter Amantius in Tipasa (North Africa), 4th/5th c.
ID
ER 2125
Presbyter Paulinus, later bishop of Nola, writes to the presbyter Sulpicius Severus from Primuliacum (Gaul). Paulinus describes his ecclesiastical foundations at Nola and Fundi. Paulinus of Nola, Letter 32, AD 403/404.
ID
ER 2126
The Emperors Valentinian and Valens decree that before entering the clergy decurions should transfer their status to a kinsman along with their property. If they have not done that, they will be recalled to the council. The law issued on 12 September 364 in Aquileia, included in the Theodosian Code published in 438.
ID
ER 2127
The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian II, and Theodosius issue a law making attendance in the municipal council obligatory. Clerical duties, however, are a valid excuse for absence. The law was issued on 15 February 381 in Carthage, and included in the Theodosian Code published in 438 (12.1.84).
ID
ER 2128
Presbyter Paulinus, later bishop of Nola, writes to Bishop Delphinus of Bordeaux (Gaul). Paulinus thanks Delphinus for building churches for the glory of his house and his own salvation. Paulinus of Nola, Letter 20, AD 400/401.
ID
ER 2129
Presbyter Paulinus, later bishop of Nola, writes to Sebastianus, a hermit living probably in Gaul. Paulinus describes the monastic vocation of Sebastianus and the clerical vocation of John, his companion and deacon, as complementary. Paulinus of Nola, Letter 26, ca 400.
ID
ER 2130
The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian II, and Theodosius issue the law which forbids the Jews to avoid curial service in municipal councils as even the clerics are not exempted from this obligation. The law issued on 18 April 383 in Milan (Italy), included in the Theodosian Code published in 438 and repeated in the Justinian Code promulgated in 529 and then again 534.
ID
ER 2131
The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian II, and Theodosius issue the law which allows decurions who became clerics to leave their service in municipal councils only if they find replacement. The law issued on 31 December 386 in Constantinople, included in the Theodosian Code published in 438.
ID
ER 2132
The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius issue the law which allows decurions who are bishops, presbyters, or deacons, to leave service in the municipal council providing that he has a replacement or transferred his property to the council. Clerics of lower grades should remain in the municipal service. The law issued on 11 December 399, included in the Theodosian Code published in 438.
ID
ER 2133
DRAFT Funerary poem of the Presbyter Augustus in Rome, probably 5th/6th c.
ID
ER 2134
Dedicatory inscription of the presbyter Agnellus near the Basilica of St Peter in Rome, AD 440/461.
ID
ER 2135
The Emperor Constantius issues the law which orders clerics who did not fulfilled their duties as decurions, either to be restored to the municipal councils or to transfer their patrimony to municipalities. The law issued on 29 August 361, included in the Theodosian Code published in 438.
ID
ER 2136
Dedicatory inscription, possibly of a presbyter, from the titulus Pudentis, from the time of Pope Boniface (either Boniface I, 418-422, Boniface II 530-532, Boniface III, 607, Boniface IV, 608-615, or Boniface V, 619-625).
ID
ER 2137
Canon 9 of the First Council of Orange (Gaul, AD 441) gives to the bishop who builds a church in another diocese the right to designate its clergy. The local bishop should ordain them or, if they are already ordained, consent to their appointment.
ID
ER 2138
Funerary inscription of the Presbyter John of the titular church of St Cecilia in Rome, probably 6th/7th c.
ID
ER 2139
The funerary inscription of Florus who was buried in a tomb bought by his parents, Augustus and Gaudiosa, from the presbyters of the titular church of St Crisogonus in Rome: Peter, Crisogonus, Catellus, and Gaudiosus. Rome, the cemetery of Pancratius, AD 521.
ID
ER 2140
Presbyter Paulinus, later bishop of Nola, writes to the presbyter Alethius, probably brother of Florentius, bishop of Cahors (Gaul). Alethius asked Paulinus for an example of his "genius and eloquence". Hence, Paulinus sends his sermon to Alethius. Paulinus of Nola, Letter 33 and 34, AD 400/406.
ID
ER 2141
Funerary inscription of the Presbyter Castus, with the dedication to the martyrs Lucianus and Lucilla, in Koudiat Adjala (North Africa), AD 361.
ID
ER 2142
The Emperors Honorius and Theodosius II issue the law which orders clerics obliged to the service in municipal councils who failed to fulfil their duty to be restored to the curial status or to lose their property for their municipality. The law issued on 24 May 410, included in the Theodosian Code published in 438.
ID
ER 2143
The Emperors Valentinian, Theodosius, and Arcadius issue the law which allows the decurions who became presbyters, deacons, or exorcists before the year 388 to be exempt from the service in municipal councils. Whoever was ordained later, must offer his property for the municipal service. The law issued on 17 June 390, included in the Theodosian Code published in 438.
ID
ER 2144
The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, and Theodosius issue the law which exempt clerics who are tradesmen from the lustral tax payable in gold exacted from tradesmen. The law issued on 5 July 379, included in the Theodosian Code published in 438.
ID
ER 2145
Presbyter Paulinus, later bishop of Nola, writes to Priest (probably presbyter) Aper from Gaul, a former advocate and judge who adopted a quasi-monastic way of life. Paulinus of Nola, Letter 38, ca 400.
ID
ER 2146
The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius issue the law according to which clerics are not exempted from taxes if they gain profits by trade. The law issued on 8 May 399, included in the Theodosian Code published in 438.
ID
ER 2147
The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius issue the law according to which a person from the guild of swine-collectors who took holy orders has to either assume his public service anyway or cede his property for the guild. The law issued on 15 January 408, included in the Theodosian Code published in 438.
ID
ER 2148
Funerary inscription of the Presbyter Bonifatius, who reposes together with the Presbyters Valentinus and Xystus, in the place provided to him by the Presbyters Peter and Micinus, of the titular church of St Crisogonus. Rome, 5th/6th c.
ID
ER 2149
The funerary inscription, probably of a presbyter of the titular church of St John and Paul. Rome, the catacombs of St Sebastian, AD 535.
ID
ER 2150
King Theodoric instructs the comes Annas to investigate the presbyter Laurentius accused of robbing the grave, AD 507/511. Cassiodorus, Variae, the letter composed in AD 507/511, included into the collection before 560.
ID
ER 2151
Marius, presbyter and ascetic from the region of Valtellina in northern Italy, is joined by Antony, ascetic from Noricum. Marius wants to ordain Antony because of his merits, but Antony refuses. Ennodius of Pavia, "Life of Antony", early 6th c., probably in 513/521.
ID
ER 2152
Canon 6 of a council held at an unknown place in Gaul shortly after 614 decrees that in the monastery no one can be baptized, no mass can be said for a dead layman, and no layman can be buried without the local bishop`s permission.
ID
ER 2153
Funerary inscription of the Presbyter Romulus of the titular church of St Pudentiana. Rome, probably 5th c.
ID
ER 2154
Funerary inscription of an anonymous presbyter of the titular church of Lucina, founded by his wife. Rome, probably 5th c.
ID
ER 2155
The Emperor Constantine issues the law confirming privileges of the Catholic clerics exempting them from public services. The law issued on 15 January 408, included in the Theodosian Code published in 438.
ID
ER 2156
Funerary inscription of Asinius, the presbyter of the titular church of St Mark. Rome, possibly 4th/6th c.
ID
ER 2157
Funerary inscription of the Presbyter Victor of the titular church of Nicomedes. Rome, 4th/5th c.
ID
ER 2158
The Emperor Constantine confirms privileges of the Catholic clerics exempting them from public services. The law issued on 31 October of 313 or 319, included in the Theodosian Code published in 438.
ID
ER 2159
The Emperor Constantine issues the law exempting clerics from public services. The law issued on 21 October of 313 or 319, included in the Theodosian Code published in 438 and in the Breviary of Alaric published in 506 in Gaul.
ID
ER 2160
Bishop Paulinus of Nola (formerly presbyter in this city), writes to Eucherius (later bishop of Lyon) and Galla, both practising monastic life at the island of Lero. Paulinus mentions Honoratus from the nearby island of Lerina (Lérins), later bishop of Arles, as his co-presbyter. Paulinus of Nola, Letter 51, ca 423/428.
ID
ER 2161
The Emperor Constantine issues a law according to which the clerics of curial origin who entered the clergy before the promulgation of the law forbidding decurions to enter the clergy, should be free from any public service. Those, however, who after the promulgation entered the clergy to evade public duties, are to be removed from the office and restored to municipal councils. The law issued on 18 July of 320, included in the Theodosian Code published in 438.
ID
ER 2162
The Emperor Constantine issues a law forbidding to ordain clerics who have at their disposal means which can be used to support the public service. The number of clerics should not be inflated, only after the death of a cleric a new person of humble means should be ordained in his place. The wealthy clerics can be removed from the clergy to assume their public obligations. The law issued on 1 June of 326 or 329, included in the Theodosian Code published in 438.
ID
ER 2163
Fortunatianus, bishop of Aquileia, in his "Commentary on the Gospels" says that yhe bishops and presbyters who harm the Church by their bad behaviour should be removed from its body. Written in Aquileia (Italy), 350/370, possibly before 356.
ID
ER 2164
The Emperor Constantius issues a law granting fiscal privileges for the clerics. The law issued on 27 August 343, included in the Theodosian Code published in 438.
ID
ER 2165
The Emperor Constantius issues a law granting exemptions from curial obligations to the clerics. The law issued on 11 April 349, included in the Theodosian Code published in 438.
ID
ER 2166
The Emperor Constantius and Constans issue a law granting exemptions from taxes and obligatory services to the clerics and their families. The law issued on 26 May 346, included in the Theodosian Code published in 438.
ID
ER 2167
The Emperor Constantius and Constans issue a law granting exemptions from obligatory services to the clerics who have no possessions. The law issued on 26 February 342, included in the Theodosian Code published in 438.
ID
ER 2168
The Emperors Constantius and Julian issue a law confirming privileges of the churches and clerics of Rome. The law issued on 10 November 356, included in the Theodosian Code published in 438.
ID
ER 2169
Presbyter Victor, possibly from Padua or its vicinity, in Italy is mentioned as a holder of the marshland Pampiliana in the area of Padova by the document on papyrus listing ecclesiastical property, most probably produced by the Church of Ravenna, mid-6th century.
ID
ER 2170
Presbyter Octavianus of Faventia transfers his property, a house with a garden, partly as a donation and partly as a lease, to the merchant Martinus and his wife Aurilia from Ravenna. The document of donation on papyrus, first half of the 7th century, drafted in Ravenna.