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ID
ER 1867
Funerary inscription of the Presbyter Aufidius put up by his sister Auguria and his son, the Deacon Augurius, Trier (Gaul), ca 400/600 or 700/800.
ID
ER 1868
Bishops of the province of Tarraconensis (Spain) complain to Pope Hilarius about bishop of Cagliari, Silvanus, who illicitly ordained a presbyter as a bishop. Letter 13 in the epistolary of Pope Hilarius, "Etiamsi nulla", Tarragona, AD 463/464.
ID
ER 1869
The Council of Rome, AD 465, in which presbyters participate, reaffirms that those who take non-virgins as wives or take second wives cannot be ordained. Letter 15 in the epistolary of Pope Hilarius, Rome, AD 465.
ID
ER 1870
Bishop Ambrose of Milan (Italy) in a letter to Irenaeus, possibly a cleric in Milan, discusses the allegorical meaning of some Scriptural passages. Ambrose of Milan, Letter 14 (Maur. 33), written in Milan, AD 374/397.
ID
ER 1871
Bishop Ambrose of Milan (Italy) in a letter to Irenaeus, possibly a cleric in Milan, explains why it is unclean, according to the Scripture, to wear clothes of the sex different than one`s own. Ambrose of Milan, Letter 15 (Maur. 69), written in Milan, AD 374/397.
ID
ER 1872
Bishop Ambrose of Milan (Italy) in a letter to Irenaeus, possibly a cleric in Milan, comments on the Epistle to Ephesians. Ambrose of Milan, Letter 16 (Maur. 76), written in Milan, AD 374/397.
ID
ER 1873
Bishop Ambrose of Milan (Italy) in a letter to the clergy of Milan exhorts them to persevere faithfully in their office and resist the temptation to reject it. Ambrose of Milan, Letter 17 (Maur. 81), written in Milan, AD 374/397.
ID
ER 1874
In a letter to Orontianus, presbyter in Milan, Bishop Ambrose of Milan (Italy) comments on the Book of Micah. Ambrose also mentions the baptism of Orontianus at an early age and his ordination into the Church of Milan. Ambrose of Milan, Letter 18 (Maur. 70), written in Milan, AD 374/397.
ID
ER 1875
The bishops of the province of Tarraconensis (Iberian Peninsula) ask Pope Hilarius to give permission for the transfer of Bishop Irenaeus to Barcelona, where the clergy and people ask for him. Letter 14 in the epistolary of Pope Hilarius, "Quam curam", Tarragona, AD 464/465.
ID
ER 1876
Bishop Ambrose of Milan (Italy) in a letter to Orontianus, presbyter in Milan, continues his theological and exegetical commentary from the previous letter (Letter 18). Ambrose of Milan, Letter 19 (Maur. 71), written in Milan, AD 374/397.
ID
ER 1877
Pope Simplicius writes about the misappropriation of Church funds by Gaudentius, the bishop of Aufinum in Samnium (Italy), and about the proper distribution of the money of the Church. He orders the Presbyter Bonager to heal the situation created by Gaudentius. Simplicius, Letter 1, to Bishops Florentius, Equitius, and Severus, Rome, AD 475.
ID
ER 1878
Lay candidates for the clergy should be investigated more carefully than monks. Gelasius I, Letter 14, Rome, AD 494.
ID
ER 1879
Augustine, bishop of Hippo Regius (North Africa), writes to Euxodius, presbyter and abbot of the community in the island Capraria (probably near Corsica). Augustine, Letter 48, North Africa, AD 398.
ID
ER 1880
Bishop Ambrose of Milan (Italy) in a letter to Orontianus, presbyter in Milan, discusses theological and exegetical issues. Ambrose of Milan, Letter 20 (Maur. 77), written in Milan, AD 374/397.
ID
ER 1881
Bishop Ambrose of Milan (Italy) in a letter to Orontianus, presbyter in Milan, discusses the substance of the soul. Ambrose of Milan, Letter 21 (Maur. 34), written in Milan, AD 374/397.
ID
ER 1882
The presbyters should not usurp what is allowed only to the bishops. Gelasius I, Letter 14, Rome, AD 494.
ID
ER 1883
The deacons should not usurp the rights of the presbyters. Gelasius I, Letter 14, Rome, AD 494.
ID
ER 1884
Pope Gelasius I decrees the times and days of the ordination of presbyters and deacons, and that they should be promoted according to the time spent in office. Gelasius I, Letter 14, Rome, AD 494.
ID
ER 1885
On not accepting slaves to clergy and monasteries. Gelasius I, Letter 14, Rome, AD 494.
ID
ER 1886
Augustine shortly before his conversion has a conversation with Simplicianus, probably a presbyter in Milan and a spiritual father of Bishop Ambrose of Milan, Milan, AD 386. Account of Augustine, "The Confessions", written in Hippo, AD 397/400.
ID
ER 1888
The clergy should not pursue dishonourable business dealings or filthy profiteering. Gelasius I, Letter 14, Rome, AD 494.
ID
ER 1889
Funerary inscription commissioned by an anonumous presbyter for his close female relative, most probably wife, Trier (Gaul), ca 650/700.
ID
ER 1890
Funerary inscription, possibly of an anonymous presbyter, Trier (Gaul), ca 300/500.
ID
ER 1891
Nobody who is illiterate or missing any part of his body should be advanced to the clergy. Gelasius I, Letter 14, Rome, AD 494.
ID
ER 1892
Funerary inscription of the presbyter Teodulfus, Ventabren (Gaul), 7th or late 6th century.
ID
ER 1893
Funerary inscription of the Presbyter Nonnus, Boppard (Gaul), sixth or seventh century.
ID
ER 1894
Funerary inscription of the presbyter Aetherius, Bingen (Gaul), most probably sixth century.
ID
ER 1895
Funerary inscription of the presbyter Badegiselus, Mainz (Gaul), seventh or early eighth century.
ID
ER 1896
DRAFT: Dedicatory inscription of the Abbot and Presbyter Ceolfrith, Jarrow (Britain), AD 685.
ID
ER 1897
Inscription of the priest Gurdan, Llanthetty (Brecknockshire, Britain), probably ninth century.
ID
ER 1898
Funerary inscription of the priests Viventius, Mavorius (and Florentius?), Kirkmadrine (Britain), AD 450-500.
ID
ER 1899
Queen Fredegundis sends her trusted cleric to assassinate Queen Brunhildis. Due to his lack of success, he is severely punished by Fredegundis in ca 584. Account of Gregory of Tours, "Histories", Tours (Gaul), AD 584–594.
ID
ER 1900
Eberulf, the treasurer of King Chilperic, beats and almost kills an anonymous presbyter from Tours, when the latter refused to give him wine, before 584. Account of Gregory of Tours, "Histories", Tours (Gaul), AD 584–594.
ID
ER 1901
Eberulf, the treasurer of King Chilperic, is prohibited from accessing the church of Saint Martin in Tours through the sacristy by a presbyter in charge of the door keys, ca 584. Account of Gregory of Tours, "Histories", Tours (Gaul), AD 584–594.
ID
ER 1902
Claudius, who killed Eberulf, the treasurer of King Chilperic, in the sanctuary of Saint Martin in Tours, seeks refuge in the cell of an abbot. Two clerics help abbot escape Claudius` pursuers, ca 585. Account of Gregory of Tours, "Histories", Tours (Gaul), AD 585-594.
ID
ER 1903
Two clerics serve as envoys of the usurper Gundovald carrying a message to his supporters. One of them is an abbot from Cahors who gets imprisoned, all in ca 585. Account of Gregory of Tours, "Histories", Tours (Gaul), AD 585–594.
ID
ER 1904
Gundovald, an usurper to late King Chilperic`s realm, orders the presbyter Faustianus to be ordained bishop of Dax, 585. Account of Gregory of Tours, "Histories", Tours (Gaul), AD 585-594.
ID
ER 1905
King Guntram`s army kills many priests during the sack of Comminges in 585. Account of Gregory of Tours, "Histories", Tours (Gaul), AD 585–594.
ID
ER 1906
Bishop Ambrose of Milan (Italy) in a letter to Orontianus, presbyter in Milan, continues his commentary elaborated in Letter 21 and discusses some soteriological issues. Ambrose of Milan, Letter 22 (Maur. 35), written in Milan, AD 374/397.
ID
ER 1907
Bishop Ambrose of Milan (Italy) in a letter to Orontianus, presbyter in Milan, continues his commentary elaborated in Letters 21 and 22. Ambrose of Milan, Letter 23 (Maur. 36), written in Milan, AD 374/397.
ID
ER 1908
Bishop Ambrose of Milan (Italy) in a letter to Orontianus, presbyter in Milan, replies on his questions concerning Ambrose`s "Hexaemeron". Ambrose of Milan, Letter 29 (Maur. 48), written in Milan, AD 386/396.
ID
ER 1909
Bishop Ambrose of Milan (Italy) in a letter to Orontianus, presbyter in Milan, replies on his questions concerning Ambrose`s "Hexaemeron". Ambrose of Milan, Letter 31 (Maur. 44), written in Milan, AD 386/396.
ID
ER 1910
Bishop Ambrose of Milan (Italy) in a letter to Irenaeus, possibly a cleric in Milan, comments on the verse from the Book of Jeremiah. Ambrose of Milan, Letter 40 (Maur. 32), written in Milan, AD 374/397.
ID
ER 1911
Bishop Ambrose of Milan (Italy) thanks Siricius, bishop of Rome, for his letter brought to Milan by the presbyter Syrus. He praises the presbyters and deacons who like Syrus diligently perform their duties. Ambrose of Milan, Letter 46 (Maur. 85), written in Milan, AD 384/397.
ID
ER 1912
Bishop Ambrose of Milan (Italy) writes a letter to Severus, bishop of Naples (Italy) to tell him of James, presbyter from Persia, who moved to Campania in Italy. Ambrose of Milan, Letter 49 (Maur. 59), written in Milan, AD 387/388 or AD 392/393.
ID
ER 1913
An anonymous presbyter from Manthelan near Tours (Gaul) has his servant killed during the feud between the citizens of Tours, AD 585. Account of Gregory of Tours, "Histories", Tours (Gaul), AD 585-594.
ID
ER 1914
Presbyter Saius is ordained bishop of Auch (Gaul), ca 585. Account of Gregory of Tours, "Histories", Tours (Gaul), AD 585-594.
ID
ER 1915
Bishop Ambrose of Milan (Italy) in a letter to Irenaeus, possibly a cleric in Milan, replies on his question why God provided manna in the past and does not provide it in the present. Ambrose of Milan, Letter 54 (Maur. 64), written in Milan, AD 374/397.
ID
ER 1916
Bishop Ambrose of Milan (Italy) in a letter to Irenaeus, possibly a cleric in Milan, comments on the Epistle to the Romans. Ambrose of Milan, Letter 63 (Maur. 73), written in Milan, AD 374/397.
ID
ER 1917
Queen Fredegundis sends two clerics to kill King Childebert or at least Queen Brunhildis, ca 585. Account of Gregory of Tours, "Histories", Tours (Gaul), AD 585–594.
ID
ER 1918
During the conquest of Septimania, King Guntram`s army kills many clerics and priests. Guntram himself is outraged, since God would not grant victory to the side that does not venerate the priests, ca 585. Account of Gregory of Tours, "Histories", Tours (Gaul), AD 585-594.
ID
ER 1919
Bishop Praetextatus of Rouen (Gaul) is murdered on Easter morning when he is singing antiphones with his clergy. None of the clerics rushes to help him, AD 586. Account of Gregory of Tours, "Histories", Tours (Gaul), AD 586-594.
ID
ER 1920
Presbyter and hermit Winnocus in Tours (Gaul) starts to drink excessively. As a result, he is possessed by a demon. As he attacks people in violent rages, he is locked in his cell until his death ca 586. Account of Gregory of Tours, "Histories", Tours (Gaul), AD 586–594.
ID
ER 1921
Bishop Badegysilus of Le Mans (Gaul) justifies his many ill-doings by claiming that he simply avenges his wrongs. He died in 586. Account of Gregory of Tours, "Histories", Tours (Gaul), AD 586-594.
ID
ER 1922
Presbyter Virus is elected by the king to the bishopric of Vienne in 586. Account of Gregory of Tours, "Histories", Tours (Gaul), AD 586-594.
ID
ER 1923
Bishop Ambrose of Milan (Italy) in a letter to Irenaeus, possibly a cleric in Milan, comments on the Epistle to the Galatians. Ambrose of Milan, Letter 64 (Maur. 74), written in Milan, AD 374/397.
ID
ER 1924
Bishop Ambrose of Milan (Italy) in a letter to Orontianus, presbyter in Milan, discusses some theological questions. Ambrose of Milan, Letter 66 (Maur. 78), written in Milan, AD 374/396.
ID
ER 1925
Bishop Ambrose of Milan (Italy) in a letter to Irenaeus, possibly a cleric in Milan, comments on the episode from the Gospel of John about a woman accused of adultery. Ambrose of Milan, Letter 68 (Maur. 26), written in Milan, AD 374/397.
ID
ER 1926
In a letter to the Emperor Valentinian II, Bishop Ambrose of Milan (Italy) speaks about the legal and economic status of the Christian clergy. Ambrose of Milan, Letter 73 (Maur. 18), written in Milan, AD 384.
ID
ER 1927
Bishop Magnericus of Trier is to send his abbots (most likely the presbyters) to the King Childebert to plead for the pardon of Guntram Boso, ca 587. Account of Gregory of Tours, "Histories", Tours (Gaul), AD 587–594.
ID
ER 1928
Abbot Bucciovaldus is unsuccessful in securing the bishopric of Verdun (Gaul) for himself, ca 588. Account of Gregory of Tours, "Histories", Tours (Gaul), AD 588–594.
ID
ER 1929
Abbot Virgilius of Autun is ordained bishop of Arles, ca 588. Account of Gregory of Tours, "Histories", Tours (Gaul), AD 588–594.
ID
ER 1930
Presbyter Theutharius is sent by King Childebert to divide the inheritance betwen a mother and her daughter, AD 589. Account of Gregory of Tours, "Histories", Tours (Gaul), AD 589-594.
ID
ER 1931
Queen Radegundis, founder of the monastery in Poitiers (Gaul) sends anonymous clerics to the East to obtain the relics of the Holy Cross and of the martyrs, AD 568. The relics are then deposited in Poitiers by Eufronius of Tours accompanied by his clergy, AD 569. Account of Gregory of Tours, "Histories", Tours (Gaul), AD 589-594.
ID
ER 1932
Abbot and most probably presbyter Porcarius from the church of Saint Hilary in Poitiers (Gaul) is sent by his bishop to negotiate the reconciliation of the excommunicated nuns with the bishops from the ecclesiastical province of Bordeaux. As he is unsuccessful, King Childebert sends his presbyter Theutharius on a similar mission, AD 589. Account of Gregory of Tours, "Histories", Tours (Gaul), AD 589-594.
ID
ER 1933
Deacon Gregory, soon Bishop Gregory of Rome, organizes a penitential procession. All Romans are divided into seven groups, each of them is accompanied by presbyters from one of the seven districts of the city, AD 590. Account of Gregory of Tours, "Histories", Tours (Gaul), AD 590-594.
ID
ER 1934
King Childebert remits all overdue taxes of the Church institutions in Clermont, AD 590. Account of Gregory of Tours, "Histories", Tours (Gaul), AD 590-594.
ID
ER 1935
An anonymous presbyter reveals to Beppolenus, commander of King Guntram`s army, the location of Breton forces, AD 590. Account of Gregory of Tours, "Histories", Tours (Gaul), AD 590-594.
ID
ER 1936
As the army of King Guntram approaches Vannes, Bishop Regalis of this city sends his clerics with crosses who lead the soldiers into the city while chanting psalms, AD 590. Account of Gregory of Tours, "Histories", Tours (Gaul), AD 590-594.
ID
ER 1937
One of the presbyters from Tours follows the Sadducees and does not believe in the resurrection of the body. Bishop Gregory of Tours engages in a dispute with him. In the end, the presbyter renounces the heresy, AD 590. Account of Gregory of Tours, "Histories", Tours (Gaul), AD 590–594.
ID
ER 1938
An anonymous abba and probably a presbyter from Angers saves the life of Bishop Audoveus of the city, AD 590. Account of Gregory of Tours, "Histories", Tours (Gaul), AD 590–594.
ID
ER 1939
Presbyter Theutharius is sent by King Childebert and King Guntram to resolve a conflict between the abbess and some nuns from the monastery of Holy Cross in Poitiers, AD 589. Account of Gregory of Tours, "Histories", Tours (Gaul), AD 590-594.
ID
ER 1940
Abba Epifanius of the church of Saint Remigius in Reims (Gaul) is demoted from his office for playing part in the plot against King Childebert. Presbyter Romulfus is elected bishop in the place of another convicted conspirator, Bishop Egidius of Reims, AD 590. Account of Gregory of Tours, "Histories", Tours (Gaul), AD 590-594.
ID
ER 1941
Presbyter Faramodus, brother of Bishop Ragnimodus of Paris (Gaul), tries unsuccessfully to become bishop of Paris after his brother`s death in 591. Account of Gregory of Tours, "Histories", Tours (Gaul), AD 591-594.
ID
ER 1942
Some priests follow the wandering false prophet from Bourges (Gaul), AD 591. Account of Gregory of Tours, "Histories", Tours (Gaul), AD 591-594.
ID
ER 1943
Presbyter Aredius of Limoges (Gaul) is a pupil of Bishop Nicetius of Trier (Gaul) and then an abbot of the monastery in Limoges, which he has founded himself. Aredius dies in 591. Account of Gregory of Tours, "Histories", Tours (Gaul), AD 591-594.
ID
ER 1944
Leo, abba of the basilica of Saint Martin in Tours (Gaul) skilled in woodcarving, is ordained bishop of the city, AD 526. Account of Gregory of Tours, "Histories", Tours (Gaul), AD 594.
ID
ER 1945
Eufronius, presbyter in Tours (Gaul), is ordained bishop of that city, AD 556. Account of Gregory of Tours, "Histories", Tours (Gaul), AD 594.
ID
ER 1946
An anonymous presbyter in Brioude baptises the inhabitants of the region, probably in the second half of the fourth century. Account of Gregory of Tours, "The Miracles of the Martyr Julian", Tours (Gaul), AD 573/585.
ID
ER 1947
Members of the Nicene congregation in Milan arrest the Arian presbyter Castulus, who is later released by the presbyters and deacons dispatched by Bishop Ambrose, AD 386. Ambrose of Milan, Letter 76 (Maur. 20), written in Milan, AD 386 to his sister Marcellina relating the conflict between himself and the imperial court concerning the hand-over of one of the Milanese basilicas for the Arian cult.
ID
ER 1948
Locuber, abba from Baecula (southern Iberian Peninsula), commemorates on the inscription the construction of two churches, AD 691.
ID
ER 1949
Abba Theodosius from the surroundings of Guarrazar (central Iberian Peninsula) offers a gold votive crown in honour of saint Stephen, the second half of the seventh century.
ID
ER 1950
Funerary inscription of Patrikis, presbyter of Mertola (Iberian Peninsula), died afer AD 544.
ID
ER 1951
Bishop Ambrose of Milan (Italy) explains to a notary of the Emperor Valentinian II why he sent his presbyters to the basilica which was supposed to be handed over to the Arians, AD 386. Ambrose of Milan, Letter 76 (Maur. 20), written in Milan, AD 386 to his sister Marcellina relating the conflict between himself and the imperial court concerning the hand-over of one of the Milanese basilicas for the Arian cult.
ID
ER 1952
Pope Gelasius I reproaches the bishops of Picenum (Italy) for various misdeeds, among them maintaining communion with someone who unlawfully excommunicated a presbyter. Gelasius I, Letter 6, Rome, AD 493.
ID
ER 1953
Pope Simplicius writes about information he received from the presbyters and monks from the East. Simplicius, Letter 2, to Bishop Acacius of Constantinople, Rome, AD 476.
ID
ER 1954
Presbyter Nilus is among the envoys of Bishop Timotheus Salophakiolos to Pope Simplicius. Simplicius, Letter 11, to Bishop Acacius of Constantinople, Rome, AD 478.
ID
ER 1955
King Theodoric informs the landowners from Trent (Italy) that their tax obligations will be reduced by the value of the allotment (sors) bestowed on Butila, most probably an Arian presbyter, AD 507/511. Cassiodorus, Variae, the letter composed in AD 507/511, included in the collection before 560.
ID
ER 1956
King Theodoric informs Bishop Eustorgius of Milan that the bishop of Aosta, who had been accused of treason was exonerated. The king asks Eustorgius to punish clerics who falsely accused the bishop, as they cannot be judged by secular authorities, AD 507/511. Cassiodorus, Variae, the letter composed in AD 507/511, included into the collection before 560.
ID
ER 1957
Pope Simplicius writes against ordaining the clergy against their will; he gives an example of an involuntary ordination of a presbyter in Ravenna between AD 458 and 477. Simplicius, Letter 14, to Bishop John of Ravenna, Rome, AD 482.
ID
ER 1958
Bishops gathered at the Council of Aquileia in AD 381 ask the emperors to enforce the decisions of their gathering and to demote Bishop Palladius of Ratiaria, Secundianus of Singidunum and the presbyter Attalus from an unknown church in the Danubian provinces. Ambrose of Milan, Letter 4 extra collectionem (Maur. 10), written in Milan, AD 381.
ID
ER 1959
Bishops gathered at the Council of Aquileia (Italy) in AD 381 ask the Emperors to convoke a council in Alexandria to settle the schism in Antioch. The letter is sent through presbyters. Ambrose of Milan, Letter 6 extra collectionem (Maur. 12), written in Aquileia, AD 381.
ID
ER 1960
Those who castrate themselves should be excluded from clerical office. Gelasius I, Letter 14, Rome, AD 494.
ID
ER 1961
An anonymous presbyter in charge of the basilica of Saint Julian in Brioude sends clerics to parley with shepherd Ingenuus, who had seized ecclesiastical land, most probably in 525/533. Account of Gregory of Tours, "The Miracles of the Martyr Julian", Tours (Gaul), AD 573/585.
ID
ER 1962
Presbyter Stephanus from Toscany (Italy) is allowed to continue to exercise his office despite being emasculated as the result of the barbarians` incursion. Gelasius I, Fragment 9, Rome, AD 492/496
ID
ER 1963
Bishops gathered at the council in Rome in AD 378 ask the emperor Gratian for a special legal procedure for cases involving accusation against the bishop of Rome. Exemption of priests from the jurisdiction of the public courts is mentioned, as well as the injunction of the Scriptures not to accept easily accusations against bishops and presbyters. Ambrose of Milan, Letter extra collectionem 7, written in Rome, AD 378.
ID
ER 1964
Siricius, bishop of Rome, sends a letter by the presbyters Crescens, Leopardus and Alexander in which he declares that the gathering of the clergy of Rome ("presbyterium") condemned Jovinian and his followers, AD 393. Letter added to the collection of letters of Ambrose of Milan (Maur. 41a) = Letter 7 in the collection of letters of Siricius.
ID
ER 1965
Bishop Ambrose of Milan (Italy) replies to the letter of Bishop Siricius of Rome sent by presbyters Cresecens, Leopardus, and Alexander, which speaks of the condemnation of Jovianian. Ambrose gathers a synod in Milan that supports this condemnation. At the synod, Bishop Geminianus of Modena (Italy) is represented by his presbyter Aper. Letter of Ambrose and his fellow bishops to Siricius, Letter extra collectionem 15 (Maur. 42), AD 393.
ID
ER 1966
Ambrose of Milan (Italy) in his work "On the sacraments" describes the solemn rite of baptism administered by deacons and priests. He speaks about the dignity of the priests who are witnesses to the baptismal profession. Composed in Milan, before AD 391.
ID
ER 1967
Criminals are not allowed to be advanced to the clergy, and those already established among the clergy, if they should be involved in any crimes, should be debarred from their duties. Gelasius I, Letter 14, Rome, AD 494.