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ID
ER 549
Canon 15 of the so-called Second Council of Arles (Gaul, AD 442/506) forbids deacons to sit in a secretarium among presbyters, and give the communion in the presence of presbyters.
ID
ER 716
Canon 31 (30) of the so-called Second Council of Arles (Gaul, AD 442/506) forbids clerics from bringing cases which concern religious matters or other clerics to secular courts.
ID
ER 741
Canon 55 of the so-called Second Council of Arles (Gaul, AD 442/506) assigns a member of the laity to a priest by whom he or she was educated.
ID
ER 511
Canon 5 of the First Council of Vaison (Gaul, AD 442) allows everybody who is not satisfied with their bishop`s judgement to appeal to the synod.
ID
ER 1354
Presbyter Etherius of Naples coerces and expels a certain Florus (possibly a bishop), who claimed to have been given the power of Saint Sossius. Account of Quodvultdes, "Dimidium temporis", South Italy, AD 443/454.
ID
ER 1643
Presbyter Musaios from Aquileia (Italy) or from Illyria carries a letter from Bishop Valens of Mursa and Bishop Ursacius of Singidunum, both staying in Aquileia, to Bishop Athanasius of Alexandria in AD 346. Letter quoted by Hermias Sozomen in his Ecclesiastical History, ca AD 443-448.
ID
ER 1657
Pope Leo the Great in the letter to the bishops of Campania, Picenum as Tuscany, and all other provinces forbids the ordination of slaves and serfs and of the men who has married twice, or married a widow or a divorcee. Letter 4 of Pope Leo the Great "Ut nobis gratulationem", written in Rome, AD 443.
ID
ER 1659
Pope Leo the Great in the letter to the bishops of Campania, Picenum as Tuscany, and all other provinces forbids clerics to practice usury. Letter 4 of Pope Leo the Great "Ut nobis gratulationem", written in Rome, AD 443.
ID
ER 1660
In the letter to Pope Leo the Great, Bishop Paschasinus of Lilybaeum (Sicily) tells the story of the baptismal font miraculously filling at the Easter vigil in 417 in a certain humble church in Meltinas near Lilybaeum ruled by a presbyter. Letter 3 in the collection of the letters of Pope Leo the Great "Apostolatus vestri", written in Lilybaeum (Sicily), 443.
ID
ER 895
Emperor Constantine III is sieged in Arles (Gaul) by the general Gerontius. Gerontius escapes the army of the Emperor Honorius who eventually defeats Constantine III. Constantine escapes to the church and is ordained a presbyter. Then he is sent with his son Julian to Italy, and both are murdered during the journey, AD 411. Account of Hermias Sozomen, Ecclesiastical History, ca AD 443-448.
ID
ER 1160
Ambrose, bishop of Milan (Italy) forbids the Emperor Theodosius to sit in the sanctuary, and orders him to sit rather in front of the lay people, and behind the clergy. Account of Hermias Sozomen, Ecclesiastical History, ca 443-448.
ID
ER 1663
In the letter to the bishops of Illyricum, Pope Leo the Great forbids the ordination of a man who had more than one wife, or who married a widow or a divorcee; the letter is carried by the Presbyter Nicolaus. Letter 5 of Pope Leo the Great, written in Rome, AD 444.
ID
ER 1664
In his letter to Bishop Anastasius of Thessalonica Pople Leo the Great forbids the ordination of men who had more than one wife or married a widow or a divorcee; the ordinations of bishops, presbyters, and deacons are to be celebrated on Sundays; the letter of the Illyrian bishops to which Leo replies was brought to Rome by the Presbyter Nicolaus. Letter 6 of Pope Leo the Great, written in Rome, AD 444.
ID
ER 2106
Funerary inscription of the Presbyter Leo and his daughter. Rome, AD 445.
ID
ER 1667
Pope Leo the Great writes to Bishop Dioscorus of Alexandria and forbids the ordination of presbyters and deacons on the day other than Sunday; he permits to repeat the Eucharist on the major feasts; the letter is carried by the Presbyter Possidius. Letter 9 of Pope Leo the Great "Quantum dilectioni", written in Rome, probably AD 445.
ID
ER 1669
In his letter to the bishops of the province of Vienne (Gaul), Pope Leo the Great discusses the problem of uncanonical ordinations in light of the unlawful efforts of Bishop Hilary of Arles (Gaul). Letter 10 of Pope Leo the Great "Divinae cultum", written in Rome, probably AD 445.
ID
ER 1678
Pope Leo the Great writes to Bishop Anastasius of Thessalonica (Macedonia) and says that the clergy shall live in continence and take part in the election of the new bishop of their city. He also forbids clerics to transfer to another diocese without the consent of their bishop. Letter 14 of Pope Leo the Great "Quanta fraternitati", written in Rome, probably AD 446.
ID
ER 1673
Pope Leo the Great writes to the bishops of the province of Mauretania Caesariensis (North Africa) about the requirement that a priest should be the husband of one wife. Letter 12 of Pope Leo the Great "Cum de ordinationibus", written in Rome, probably AD 446.
ID
ER 1674
Pope Leo the Great, in his letter to the bishops of the province of Mauretania Caesariensis (North Africa), forbids the appointment of bishops in little localities where the service of a presbyter is sufficient. Letter 12 of Pope Leo the Great "Cum de ordinationibus", written in Rome, probably AD 446.
ID
ER 1675
Pope Leo the Great writes to to the bishops of the province of Illyricum and forbids them to claim for themselves a cleric of another bishop. Letter 13 of Pope Leo the Great "Grato animo", written in Rome, AD 446.
ID
ER 1681
In the letter to the bishops of Sicily, Pope Leo the Great forbids the sale of church property. He refers to the case of the Churches in Taormina (Sicily) and Palermo (Sicily) whose clergy complained of mismanagement by the bishops. Leo imposes punishments on clerics of any rank who take part in alienation of the Church property. Letter 17 of Pope Leo the Great "Occasio specialium", written in Rome, AD 447.
ID
ER 1682
Pope Leo the Great writes to Bishop Januarius of Aquileia (Italy) and sets the rules for the converts from heresy and schism. The clerics who lapsed into heresy or schism can come back to the Catholic Church and retain their rank but only if they were not rebaptized. Letter 18 of Pope Leo the Great "Lectis fraternitatis", written in Rome, AD 447.
ID
ER 1683
In the letter to Bishop Dorus of Benevento (Italy), Pope Leo the Great criticizes Dorus for giving the young presbyter Epicarius precedence in the order of the presbyters. Leo learnt about the case from the letter of the Presbyter Paulus of Benevento. Letter 19 of Pope Leo the Great "Judicium quod", written in Rome, AD 448.
ID
ER 1641
Elpidius, presbyter from Illyricum is sent to the churches of Asia Minor to carry a letter by the bishops who gathered recently at a council in Illyricum to debate on the Trinitarian issues, AD 375 or 378. The letter included in the Ecclesiastical History of Theodoret of Cyrrhus, AD 449/450.
ID
ER 1646
Bishop of Rome is represented at the council of Nicaea in AD 325 by two presbyters. Account of Theodoret of Cyrrhus, Ecclesiastical History, AD 449/450.
ID
ER 1686
Letter of Pope Leo the Great to Bishop Flavian of Constantinople on the two natures of Christ, commonly known as the Tome, is carried to Constantinople by the Presbyter Renatus from the titular church of St Clement. Letter 28 of Pope Leo the Great "Lectis dilectionis", written in Rome, AD 449.
ID
ER 1688
Pope Leo the Great informs the Emperor Theodosius that he has sent the legates, Bishop Julius of Puteoli, the Presbyter Renatus and the Deacon Hilary to act as his representatives at the Council of Ephesus. Letter 29 of Pope Leo the Great "Quantum rebus", written in Rome, AD 449.
ID
ER 1689
Pope Leo the Great writes to the Council of Ephesus (Asia Minor), affirms the authority of the see of Peter to decide upon the dogmatical issues and informs the bishops that he has sent his envoys, among them the Presbyter Renatus, to act as his representatives at the council. Letter 33 of Pope Leo the Great "Religiosa clementissimi", written in Rome, AD 449.
ID
ER 1690
Pope Leo the Great informs Bishop Julian of Cos that he has sent his envoys, among them the Presbyter Renatus, to act as his representatives at the council of Ephesus (Asia Minor). Letter 33 of Pope Leo the Great "Litterae dilectionis", written in Rome, AD 449.
ID
ER 1691
Bishop Theodoret of Cyrrhus (Syria) appeals to Pope Leo the Great complaining for his ill-treatment by Bishop Dioscorus of Alexandria (Egypt). His letter is carried to Rome by the presbyters and chorbishops Hypatios and Abramios, and the superior of the monks Alypios. Letter 52 in the collection of the letters of Pope Leo the Great "Si Paulus", written in Cyrrhus, AD 449.
ID
ER 452
DRAFT: The acts of the Council of Arles (Gaul) in the case of Faustus, presbyter and abbot of the Lérins monastery, held ca 449/461.
ID
ER 1295
Liberius, bishop of Rome, is expelled by Emperor Constantius for his refusal to condemn Athanasius of Alexandria. In the meantime the clergy of Rome renounce obedience to Liberius, and choose the archdeacon Felix as a new pontiff, all in AD 355. Account of the schism between Liberius and Felix, written in the 5th/6th c. and included in the Collectio Avellana compiled in the second half of the 6th c.
ID
ER 1296
The people of Rome asks the Emperor Constantius in AD 357 for the return of their exiled bishop, Liberius, and the emperor agrees.The rival bishop Felix installs himself in the Basilica Julia. After his death in AD 365 Liberius forgives his clerical supporters. Account of the schism between Liberius and Felix, written in the 5th/6th c. and included in the Collectio Avellana compiled in the second half of the 6th c.
ID
ER 1894
Funerary inscription of the presbyter Aetherius, Bingen (Gaul), most probably sixth century.
ID
ER 1898
Funerary inscription of the priests Viventius, Mavorius (and Florentius?), Kirkmadrine (Britain), AD 450-500.
ID
ER 2196
Presbyter Theodosius dedicates an inscription to his late brother, Valerius from Iuvavum (Salzburg), possibly 2nd half of the 5th century.
ID
ER 2207
Funerary inscription of the presbyter Gemellinus on the cover of a sarcophagus found in the basilica of Manastrine in Salona (Dalmatia), probably the 6th century.
ID
ER 1698
In his letter to the bishops of the province of Arles Pope Leo the Great mentions the envoys of Bishop Ravennius of Arles (Gaul), the Presbyter Petronius and the Deacon Regulus. Letter 66 of Pope Leo the Great "Lectis dilectionis", written in Rome, AD 450.
ID
ER 1699
In his letter to Bishop Ravennius of Arles (Gaul) Pope Leo the Great explains that he kept long in Rome his legates, the Presbyter Petronius and the Deacon Regulus, in order that they learn about the position of Rome in the Christological dispute and transfer it to Gaul. Letter 67 of Pope Leo the Great "Lectis dilectionis", written in Rome, AD 450.
ID
ER 1705
In his letter to the Emperor Theodosius II Pope Leo the Great refers to the appointment of Anatolius for the bishopric of Constantinople. He mentions his legates to Constantinople, Bishops Abundius and Asterius and the Presbyters Basilius and Senator. Letter 69 of Pope Leo the Great "Lectis dilectionis", written in Rome, AD 450.
ID
ER 1706
In his letter to the Empress Pulcheria Pope Leo the Great refers to the appointment of Anatolius for the bishopric of Constantinople. He mentions his legates to Constantinople, Bishops Abundius and Asterius and the Presbyters Basilius and Senator. Letter 70 of Pope Leo the Great "Gaudeo fidei", written in Rome, AD 450.
ID
ER 1733
Pope Leo the Great sends a letter to the archimandrites of Conastantinople concerning the ordination of Bishop Anatolius of Constantinople in which he recommends his legates, Bishops Asterius and Abundius, and the Presbyters Basilius and Senator. Letter 71 of Pope Leo the Great "Causa fidei", written in Rome, AD 450.
ID
ER 2025
Funerary inscription of the Archpresbyter Adeodatus of Nola, buried near the tomb of St Felix in Cimitile (Southern Italy), late 5th/6th c.
ID
ER 1793
Bishop Anatolius of Constantinople informs Pope Leo the Great that he sends to Rome his legates together with the Roman legate the Presbyter Boniface so that they can give account of the decisions of the Council of Chalcedon, AD 451. Letter 101 in the collection of letters of Pope Leo the Great, written in Constantinople, AD 451.
ID
ER 1807
Dioscorus of Alexandria and Eutyches have been condemned by the papal legates at the Council of Chalcedon in 451, among them the Presbyter Boniface of Rome. Letter 119 of Pope Leo the Great to the Gallic bishops, written in Rome, AD 452.
ID
ER 1854
Funerary inscription of Abba Urbicius from Nacon (Gaul), ca 450/600.
ID
ER 2172
Funerary inscription of the Presbyter Urbicus. Rome, probably 6th c.
ID
ER 1725
Pope Leo the Great thanks the Emperor Marcian for his letters sent to him through the clerics from Constantinople. Letter 78 of Pope Leo the Great "Gaudeo fidei", written in Rome, AD 451.
ID
ER 1727
Pope Leo the Great sends a gratulatory letter to the newly-elected bishop of Constantinople, Anatolius, through the Presbyter Casterius and the Deacons Patricius and Asclepias, who brought him letters from Constantinople. Letter 80 of Pope Leo the Great "Gaudemus in Domino", written in Rome, AD 451.
ID
ER 1734
Pope Leo the Great receives a letter from Bishop Julian of Cos through the clerics sent to Rome from Constantinople. Letter 81 of Pope Leo the Great "Litteras fraternitatis", written in Rome, AD 451.
ID
ER 1735
Pope Leo the Great sends a letter to the Emperor Marcian in which he expresses his joy that Bishop Anatolius rebuked Eutyches and agreed to bring the body of Bishop Flavian back to Constantinople. He sends the legates, Bishop Lucentius and the Presbyter Basilius to reconciliate the bishops lapsed during the schism. Letter 83 of Pope Leo the Great "Multam mihi fiduciam", written in Rome, AD 451.
ID
ER 1744
Pope Leo the Great sends a letter to the Empress Pulcheria in which he expresses his joy about the actions of Bishop Anatolius of Constantinople and informs about his legates, Bishop Lucentius and the Presbyter Basilius in order to reconciliate the lapsed during the schism. Letter 84 of Pope Leo the Great, written in Rome, AD 451.
ID
ER 1750
Pope Leo the Great sends a letter to Bishop Anatolius of Constantinople in which he informs about his legates, Bishop Lucentius and the Presbyter Basilius sent to Constantinople in order to reconciliate the lapsed during the schism. Letter 85 of Pope Leo the Great, written in Rome, AD 451.
ID
ER 1757
Pope Leo the Great informs Bishop Julianus of Cos about his legates, Bishop Lucentius and the Presbyter Basilius, sent to Constantinople in order to reconciliate the lapsed during the schism. Letter 86 of Pope Leo the Great, written in Rome, AD 451.
ID
ER 1766
Presbyters Basilius and John of Constantinople, accused of heresy, travelled to Rome to appeal to the Pope. Leo the Great is convinced of their orthodoxy and sends a letter to Bishop Anatolius of Constantinople in which he asks him to admit them back to the communion. Letter 87 of Pope Leo the Great, written in Rome, AD 451.
ID
ER 1769
In his letter Pope Leo informs the Emperor Marcian that Bishop Paschasinus of Lilybaeum (Sicily) and the Presbyter Boniface of Rome, and Bishop Julian of Cos will be his legates at the Council of Chalcedon. Letter 89 of Pope Leo the Great, written in Rome, AD 451.
ID
ER 1770
Pope Leo sends to the Emperor Marcian a letter through the Presbyter Boniface of Rome concerning the forthcoming Council of Chalcedon. Letter 90 of Pope Leo the Great, written in Rome, AD 451.
ID
ER 1773
Pope Leo informs Bishop Anatolius of Constantinople that he sends his legates, among them the Presbyter Boniface, to the Council of Chalcedon. Letter 91 of Pope Leo the Great, written in Rome, AD 451.
ID
ER 1777
Pope Leo asks Bishop Julian of Cos to act at the Council of Chalcedon as one of his representatives along with Bishops Paschasinus of Lilybaeum (Sicily), Lucentius, and the Presbyters Basil of Naples, and Boniface of Rome. Letter 92 of Pope Leo the Great, written in Rome, AD 451.
ID
ER 1781
In the letter directed to the Council of Nicaea (which would soon move to Chalcedon), Pope Leo the Great excuses his absence and asks the council to accept Bishops Paschasinus of Lilybaeum (Sicily) and Lucentius of Ascoli, and the Presbyters Basil of Naples and Boniface of Rome as his representatives. Letter 93 of Pope Leo the Great, written in Rome, AD 451.
ID
ER 1785
Pope Leo the Great recommends to the Emperor Marcian his representatives to the Council of Chalcedon: Bishops Paschasinus of Lilybaeum (Sicily) and the Presbyter Boniface of Rome. Letter 94 of Pope Leo the Great, written in Rome, AD 451.
ID
ER 1786
Pope Leo the Great informs the Empress Pulcheria about the bishops and presbyters whom he sent as his representatives at the Council of Chalcedon, AD 451. Letter 95 of Pope Leo the Great, written in Rome, AD 451.
ID
ER 1788
Bishop Eusebius of Milan (Italy) informs Pope Leo the Great that his legates sent to Constantinople, among them the Presbyter Senator from Milan, have safely returned home. He informs also that a synod has gathered in Milan and accepted the Tome. The signatures of the bishops and presbyters present at the council are appended. Letter 97 in the collection of letters of Pope Leo the Great, written in Milan, AD 451.
ID
ER 1789
Fathers of the Council of Chalcedon in 451 refer their decisions to pople Leo. Among them is a decision that the see of Constantinople is the second in precedence after Rome and thus has right to ordain the metropolitans in Asia, Pontus, and Thrace. The legates of the Pope, among them the Presbyter Boniface of Rome, resisted to this decisions; the Council asks nevertheless the Pope to give his consent. Letter 98 in the collection of letters of Pope Leo the Great, written in Chalcedon, AD 451.
ID
ER 1794
Pope Leo the Great gives response to a query of Bishop Theodore of Fréjus (southern Gaul) about the priestly prerogative of administering penance and reconciliation, AD 452. Letter 108 of Pope Leo the Great, written in Rome, AD 452.
ID
ER 768
Canon 7 of the Council of Angers (Gaul, AD 453) justifies banishing clerics who left the clergy from entering their former churches.
ID
ER 776
Canon 9 of the Council of Angers (Gaul, AD 453) forbids bishops to promote clerics from another diocese.
ID
ER 777
Canon 11 of the Council of Angers (Gaul, AD 453) orders that only men married once - and to a virgin - can be ordained deacons or presbyters.
ID
ER 1805
Pope Leo the Great sends a letter to Bishop Maximus of Antioch (Syria) through the Presbyter Marianus and the Deacon Olympios, clerics from Antioch. Letter 119 of Pope Leo the Great, written in Rome, AD 453.
ID
ER 1806
Pope Leo the Great asserts that only priests can teach and preach. Letter 119 of Pope Leo the Great to Bishop Maximus of Antioch (Syria), written in Rome, AD 453.
ID
ER 1809
Pope Leo the Great asserts that only priests can teach and preach. Letter 120 of Pope Leo the Great to Bishop Theodoret of Cyrrhus (Syria), written in Rome, AD 453.
ID
ER 794
The letter of Bishops Lupus of Troyes and Eufronius of Autun to Bishop Thalasius of Angers on married clerics (Gaul, mid-5th c.)
ID
ER 753
Letter of Bishops Leo of Bourges, Victor of Le Mans, and Eustochius of Tours forbidding clerics to go to secular courts (Gaul, ca AD 453)
ID
ER 762
Canon 1 of the Council of Angers (Gaul, AD 453) forbids clerics from seeking justice in secular courts, moving to another place without the bishop`s permission, or travelling without commending letters.
ID
ER 764
Canon 2 of the Council of Angers (Gaul, AD 453) orders deacons to honour presbyters.
ID
ER 765
Canon 3 of the Council of Angers (Gaul, AD 453) orders clerics to abstain from violence and the crime of cutting off limbs.
ID
ER 766
Canon 4 of the Council of Angers (Gaul, AD 453) orders clerics to terminate all contacts with non-related women. They are also forbidden to take part in capturing or surrendering cities.
ID
ER 1808
Pope Leo the Great receives a letter from Bishop Juvenal of Jerusalem (Palestine) through the Presbyter Andrew and the Deacon Peter, clerics from Jerusalem. Letter 139 of Pope Leo the Great, written in Rome, AD 454.
ID
ER 1810
In a letter to Bishop Rusticus of Narbonne (Gaul), Pope Leo the Great refers to the conflict between Rusticus and two presbyters from Narbonne, Sabinianus and Leo, over the severity of punishment imposed on adulterers. Letter 167 of Pope Leo the Great, written in Rome, AD 458/461.
ID
ER 1811
A presbyter or deacon who considers himself a bishop, although he has not been elected by the clergy, demanded by the laity and consecrated by the bishops of his province with the assent of the metropolitan, is a false bishop. Ordinations administered by such false bishops are invalid unless the clerics are accepted by proper bishops. Letter 167 of Pope Leo the Great to Bishop Rusticus of Narbonne (Gaul), written in Rome, AD 458/461.
ID
ER 1812
A presbyter or deacon who has sinned gravely cannot obtain a public penance through the imposition of hands but shall retire from his office and atone privately. Letter 167 of Pope Leo the Great to Bishop Rusticus of Narbonne (Gaul), written in Rome, AD 458/461.
ID
ER 1813
Clerics of the grade above lector are obliged to observe continence, and if they have wives, they shall separate from them. Letter 167 of Pope Leo the Great to Bishop Rusticus of Narbonne (Gaul), written in Rome, AD 458/461.
ID
ER 1814
A cleric should not give his daughter to an already married man; but she can marry a man who dismissed a concubine. Letter 167 of Pope Leo the Great to Bishop Rusticus of Narbonne (Gaul), written in Rome, AD 458/461.
ID
ER 1816
If a sick person asks for a penance from a presbyter, but later changes their mind, the presbyter shall agree to the delay. Letter 167 of Pope Leo the Great to Bishop Rusticus of Narbonne (Gaul), written in Rome, AD 458/461.
ID
ER 1817
Priests shall not administer baptism on feasts of the martyrs but only on Easter and Pentecost. Beyond this festivities, the baptism can be administered only in a life-threatening situation. Letter 168 of Pope Leo the Great to the bishops of Campania, Samnium and Picenum (Italy), written in Rome, AD 459.
ID
ER 1818
Priest shall not demand from the faithful who seek penance and reconciliation that they recite publicly the libelli with their sins. The sins should be confessed to the priest in private. Letter 168 of Pope Leo the Great to the bishops of Campania, Samnium and Picenum (Italy), written in Rome, AD 459.
ID
ER 2191
Funerary inscription of the presbyter Benenatus and his wife Rustica, AD 459 and 460, Rome in the church of saint Praxedis.
ID
ER 1486
Pope Leo the Great sends a letter to Bishop Timothy III of Alexandria in which he congratulates him on his election and exhorts him to fight against the heresy of Nestorians and Eutychians, and asks him for a response delivered through the Presbyter Daniel and the Deacon Timothy, AD 460. Letter 171 of Leo the Great (i.e. Letter 53 in the Collectio Avellana, compiled in the second half of the sixth century).
ID
ER 1487
Pope Leo the Great sends the letter to the bishops of Egypt informing them about the election of Timothy III Salophakialos for the see of Alexandria. He mentions the Presbyter Daniel and the Deacon Timothy as the carriers of letters, AD 460. Letter 173 of Leo the Great (letter 53 in the Collectio Avellana, compiled in the second half of the 6th c.).
ID
ER 2320
Funerary inscription of the Presbyter Bonifatius. Tiaret (North Africa), AD 461.
ID
ER 2343
DRAFT: Various grafitti by a Presbyter Romanus in the cemetery of Marcellinus and Peter in Rome
ID
ER 813
Canon 1 of the First Council of Tours (Gaul, AD 461) requires sexual purity from priests and deacons.
ID
ER 815
Canon 2 of the First Council of Tours (Gaul, AD 461) describes punishment for sexual activity and drunkenness of priests and deacons.
ID
ER 820
Canon 3 of the First Council of Tours (Gaul, AD 461) forbids clerics to associate with non-related women.
ID
ER 822
Canon 4 of the First Council of Tours (Gaul, AD 461) forbids clerics to marry women who were previously married.
ID
ER 823
Canon 5 of the First Council of Tours (Gaul, AD 461) forbids clerics from leaving their office or entering military service.
ID
ER 824
Canon 9 of the First Council of Tours (Gaul, AD 461) forbids bishops from promoting to higher ecclesiastical grades clerics who were ordained by someone else.
ID
ER 837
Canon 10 of the First Council of Tours (Gaul, AD 461) denounces all illicit ordinations except those which contributed to the peace and for which amends were made.
ID
ER 838
Canon 11 of the First Council of Tours (Gaul, AD 461) excommunicates all clerics who left their post without their bishops` permission.
ID
ER 839
Canon 12 of the First Council of Tours (Gaul, AD 461) forbids clerics from travelling without the letters of recommendation from their priests.