Presbyters Uniwersytet Warszawski
ID
ER 865
Canon 7 of the Eleventh Council in Toledo (Iberian Peninsula, AD 675) orders priests to pronounce sentences in criminal cases according to the described rules.
Canon 7
 
Quod debeat discretio ecclesiarum rectoribus esse ne per inconditam disciplinam subeant homicidii notam.
 
Cum iuxta antiquae institutionis edictum plus erga corrigendos agere debeat beniuolentia quam seueritas, plus cohortatio quam commotio, plus caritas quam potestas, relatum nobis est quod quidam ex fratribus plus liuore odii quam correctionis studio subditos insequentes, dum se simulant spiritalem eis adhibere correctionem, indiscretam subito afferunt mortem, cum inauditos a se proiciunt et occultis eos iudiciis sub paenitentia puniunt. Non ergo de cetero peruersis uoluntatibus sit liberum simulare quod fingunt, sed quotiensque quilibet ex subditis corrigendus est, aut publica a sacerdote debet disciplina curari, aut si aliter rectoribus placet, duorum uel trium fratrum spiritalium testimonio peculiariter adhibito et modus criminis agnoscatur et modus paenitentiae irrogetur, ita tamen ut si exsilio uel retrusione dignum eum esse qui deliquit, iudicium peculiare decreuerit, modus paenitentiae, quem coram tribus fratribus sacerdos trangressori indixerit, speciali debeat eius qui sententiam protulit, manus propriae subscriptione notari; sicque fiet ut nec trangressores sine testimonio excidia uitae suae incurrant, nec rectores accusatos se de quorumlibet intermptionibus erubescant.
 
(eds. Martínez Díez, Rodríguez 2002: 111-112)
Canon 7
 
That the rectors of the Churches shall be prudent lest they suffer accusation of murder by their disordered punishing.
 
Although according to the edict of the ancient constitution the people that are to be corrected shall be treated with benevolence rather than with severity, by exhorting rather than by agitation, with love rather than with power, we have learnt that some of the brothers affected more by the malice of hatred than by a solicitude for correction, while pretending to impose a spiritual punishment, indiscriminately bring death to their subjects whom they condemn without a hearing and whom they punish with unclear judgements to penance. It shall no longer be allowed to imitate with perverted will what they contrived, but each time as a subject is to be corrected, he shall be either cured by public punishment by a priest, or differently, if it pleases the rectors [of the Churches], after obtaining a testimony of two or three spiritual brothers, the type of a crime shall be learnt and the type of penance shall be imposed, in this manner, however: that, if the particular judgement decrees that an offender deserves exile or imprisonment, this sentence announced by the priest to the transgressor in the presence of three brothers should be specially signed by the person who passed the sentence with his own hand. It shall be done in that way lest trangressors incur the ruin of their life without a testimony and the rectors be ashamed by the accusation of having destroyed someone.
 
(trans. M. Szada)

Place of event:

Region
  • Iberian Peninsula
City
  • Toledo

About the source:

Title: Concilium Toletanum XI a. 675, Concilium XI Toletanum a. 675, Eleventh Council of Toledo in 675 AD
Origin: Toledo (Iberian Peninsula)
Denomination: Catholic/Nicene/Chalcedonian
The Eleventh Council of Toledo in AD 675 was the first council convened in the capital since AD 656. However, in contrast to the previous Toletan councils (apart from the one held in AD 597), it was not a plenary gathering of the bishops from all the Spanish provinces (on the discontinuation of the plenary councils see Collins 2004: 99-100), but only a provincial council of the Carthaginensis. It was gathered by King Wamba (AD 672-680). Present were seventeen bishops, six abbots and three representatives of absent bishops.
Edition:
G. Martínez Díez, F. Rodríguez eds., La colección canónica Hispana, Monumenta Hispaniae sacra. Serie canónica 6, Madrid 2002.
Bibliography:
R. Collins, Visigothic Spain, 409-711, Oxford 2004.
 

Categories:

Described by a title - Sacerdos/ἱερεύς
    Public law - Ecclesiastical
      Relation with - Bishop/Monastic superior
        Administration of justice - Ecclesiastical
          Administration of justice - Capital punishment
            Administration of justice - Exile
              Administration of justice - Imprisonment
                Administration of justice - Penance
                  Described by a title - Rector
                    Please quote this record referring to its author, database name, number, and, if possible, stable URL: M. Szada, Presbyters in the Late Antique West, ER865, http://www.presbytersproject.ihuw.pl/index.php?id=6&SourceID=865