Presbyters Uniwersytet Warszawski
ID
ER 649
The law issued by King Ervig (AD 680-687) states that conversions of Jews shall be corroborated by a bishop or a priest. The codification is known as the Lex Visigothorum (issued and re-edited several times between 569 and 702).
XII.3.27
 
XXVII. FLAVIUS GLORIOSUS ERVIGIUS REX.
 
De reservata principibus miserendi potestate in his, qui conversi ad fidem Christi veraciter fuerint.
 
Hanc sane preceptionum multiplicem diligentiam, quam ordinatis lineis superius in toto disseruit nostra serenitas, ubicumque superius offensorum culpas ita moderare decrevimus, ut exutos rebus sub erumna exilii religemus : hanc nobis vel successoribus nostris miserendi licentiam reservamus, ut, si quandoque a laqueis diabolicis eripi contigerit, et probabiliter in sanctam Trinitatem crediderint, hocque illis sacerdotes vel iudices, in quorum territoriis degunt, testimonium dixerint, atque opera eorum cum veridico eorum testimonio concordaverint, erit nobis nostrisque successoribus in his et talibus et miserendi votum et efficiendi propositum; id est, ut, postquam eorum professio cum iurisiurandi adtestatione regie agnitioni claruerit, licitum habeat principalis pietas et rebus eos iterum revestire et ab exiliorum ergastulis revocare. Iam vero, si quis ex eis, postquam se professus fuerit christianum, ad erroris proprii redierit vomitum, et quodcumque in eos reppertum fuerit prevaricationis indicium, ita in eos secundum modum culpe, quem incurrerit, inrevocabilis dictabitur damnationis sententia, ut ad veniam ulterius nullatenus redeat; sed sive capitalis, sive minoris culpe dignus sit pena, sine ulla retractatione inremissibili lege suscipiat.
 
(ed. Zeumer 1902: 454-455)
XII.3.27
 
XXVII. GLORIOUS KING FLAVIUS ERVIG.
 
Concerning the mercy to be shown by rulers towards those who have been truly converted to the Christian faith.
 
The foregoing laws having been framed by us with care and diligence, and having attempted in them to adapt the punishment to the guilt of the offender, as, for instance, where we have sentenced certain of them to lose their property, and be driven into exile, we now hereby reserve the following privileges of mercy for ourselves, and our successors, to wit; that if any Jew, after having been ensnared by the devil, should come to his senses, and profess belief in the Holy Trinity; and the priests or judges of the diocese or district in which he lives, should establish the fact by their testimony; and the deeds of said Jew should correspond with his professions; in such cases the prerogative of mercy may be exercised by ourselves, and our successors; that is to say, after the confession and oath of said Jew has been made, and the evidence has been submitted to the king, the latter shall have authority to return his property to said Jew, and to recall him from exile. If, however, any such Jew, after having professed himself to be a Christian, should return to the vomit of his error, he shall be condemned to punishment, without any hope of pardon; and said punishment shall be proportionate to the proof of his hypocrisy, and the degree of his guilt, and whether he undergoes a capital penalty, or one of less severity, no mercy shall, under any circumstances, be shown him.
 
(trans. P.S.Scott 1910: 408; slightly altered)

Discussion:

This is one of thirty four laws that are the original contribution of king Ervig to the codification revised during his reign. Twenty eight of this laws concerned Jews (Collins 2004: 236).
 
See also XII.3.26 [553].

Place of event:

Region
  • Iberian Peninsula

About the source:

Title: Lex Visigothorum, Liber iudiciorum, Liber iudiciorum sive Lex Visigothorum
Origin: Toledo (Iberian Peninsula)
Denomination: Catholic/Nicene/Chalcedonian
Lex Visigothorum is a codification of law first composed during the reign of King Leovigild (569-586) on the basis of the Code of Euric, but the origin of all extant manuscripts is its revised version from the reign of King Recceswinth (649-672). The codification was also enlarged in the times of King Ervig (680-687) and Ecgica (687-702).
Edition:
K. Zeumer ed., Liber iudiciorum sive lex Visigothorum, Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Leges nationum Germanicarum 1, Hannover, Leipzig 1902, 33-456.
 
Translation:
The Visigothic Code (Forum Judicum), trans. S.P. Scott, Boston 1910
Bibliography:
R. Collins, Visigothic Spain, 409-711, Oxford 2004.
J. Juster, "The Legal Condition of the Jews Under the Visigothic Kings Part I", Israel Law Review 11 (1976), 259-287.
J. Juster, "The Legal Condition of the Jews Under the Visigothic Kings Part II", Israel Law Review 11 (1976), 391-414.
J. Juster, "The Legal Condition of the Jews Under the Visigothic Kings Part III", Israel Law Review 11 (1976), 563-590.
K. Schäferdiek, Die Kirche in den Reichen der Westgoten und Suewen bis zur Errichtung der westgotischen katholischen Staatskirche, Berlin 1967.

Categories:

Described by a title - Sacerdos/ἱερεύς
    Public law - Secular
      Relation with - Jew
        Please quote this record referring to its author, database name, number, and, if possible, stable URL: M. Szada, Presbyters in the Late Antique West, ER649, http://www.presbytersproject.ihuw.pl/index.php?id=6&SourceID=649