The Council of Riez gathered in 439 under Bishop Hilary of Arles to address the problems arising from the illegitimate ordination of Bishop Armentarius of Embrun. The synodal fathers cite the canons of the Council of Turin of AD 398 (see e.g. [379]) and declare Armentarius` ordination invalid. The following are the canons dealing with the problem of bishops who could not be considered as proper bishops (being ill-ordained, or returning from the faith of schismatics or heretics). It is declared that they could be granted the title of chorbishops with their own set of rights and priviliges.