Presbyters Uniwersytet Warszawski
ID
ER 2263
Pope Leo the Great in a sermon preached on one of the days of fasting in December in Rome, relates the events concerning investigation of the Manichaeans in which the presbyters of Rome took part. Sermon 16 of Pope Leo the Great, written in Rome, AD 443.
Sermo 16
 
Leo says that the Satan works through heretics. He mentions Marcion, Sabellius, Photinus, Arius, and Eunomius.
 
4. [...] Residentibus itaque me cum episcopis atque presbyteris, et in eumdem consessum christianis uiris et nobilibus congregatis, electos et electas eorum iussimus praesentari. Qui cum de peruersitate dogmatis sui et de festiuitatum suarum consuetudine multa reserassent, illud quoque scelus, quod eloqui uerecundum est, prodiderunt, quod tanta diligentia uestigatum est, ut nihil minus credulis, nihil obtrectatoribus relinqueretur ambiguum. Aderant enim omnes personae per quas infandum facinus fuerat perpetratum, puella scilicet ut multum decennis, et duae mulieres quae ipsam nutrierant et huic sceleri praepararant. Praesto erat etiam adolescentulus uitiator puellae, et episcopus ipsorum detestandi criminis ordinator. Omnium horum par fuit et una confessio, et patefactum est exsecramentum quod aures nostrae uix ferre potuerunt. De quo ne apertius loquentes castos offendamus auditus, gestorum documenta sufficiunt, quibus plenissime docetur nullam in hac secta pudicitiam, nullam honestatem, nullam reperiri penitus castitatem, in qua lex est mendacium, diabolus religio, sacrificium turpitudo.
 
In what follows, Leo warns his listeners, especially women, not to join Manichaeans. He encourages to denounce any known Manichaeans and to inform about their meetings.
 
(ed. Chavasse 1973)
Sermo 16
 
Leo says that the Satan works through heretics. He mentions Marcion, Sabellius, Photinus, Arius, and Eunomius. But, he says, recently the Satan "built his stronghold on the insanity of Manichaeans." Then Leo announce that he will speak about details detected by his investigation:
 
4. [...] As bishops and presbyters sat here with me, while Christian men and nobles were gathered together in the same assembly, we commanded their "Elect Men" and "Elect Women" to present themselves. When they had disclosed many things about the twistedness of their doctrine and the practices at their festivals, they proceeded to bring out that crime which is too shameful to utter. So carefully had it been investigated that no doubt could remain even for those who were less inclined to believe it or for those who cast aspersions [upon the allegations]. Every person who had been involved in perpetrating that unspeak- able crime was present, namely, the ten-year-old girl, the two women who had raised her and prepared her for the disgrace, as well as the young man who violated the girl and the bishop who directed them in this despicable crime. All these made a single, consistent confession as that execrable thing which our ears could scarcely bear was brought out into the open. Lest we offend pure ears by speaking about this more openly, the records of these deeds suffice to demonstrate without any shadow of a doubt that no modesty, no honor, no chastity at all has been found in this sect where falsehood constitutes their law, the devil their religion, and turpitude their sacrifice.
 
In what follows, Leo warns his listeners, especially women, not to join Manichaeans. He encourages to denounce any known Manichaeans and to inform about their meetings.
 
(trans. Freeland and Conway 1996: 61-62)

Discussion:

The Manichaeans in Rome in the times of Leo were the fugitives from Carthage which fell to the Vandals in 439. Leo the Great took action against them as the heretics rejecting proper understanding of the Scripture, rewriting the Gospel, accepting apocryphal writings and believing in a cosmological dualism. In 443, the rumours of some wicked ritual allegedly performed by the Manichaens in Rome, led to an investigation. Leo had already made an appeal to denounce Manichaeans in November in sermon 9 [2262].
Here he discussed the discoveries made in the investigation. Eventually, the Manichaens were banished to exile by the order of the Roman senate. See Wessel 2005: 123-24.

Place of event:

Region
  • Rome
City
  • Rome

About the source:

Author: Leo the Great
Title: Sermons, Sermones, Tractatus
Origin: Rome (Rome)
Denomination: Catholic/Nicene/Chalcedonian
Leo the Great was the bishop of Rome from AD 440 to his death in AD 461. We have a collection of 96 authentic sermons of Leo for the various feasts and seasons of the liturgical year.
 
The present sermon belong to a series of sermons (12-20) for the days of fasting in December.  
Edition:
A. Chavasse ed., Leo Magnus, Tractatus, Corpus Christianorum Series Latina 138-138A, Turnhout 1973
 
Translations:
Leo the Great, Sermons, trans. J.P. Freeland, A.J. Conway, Washington, D.C. 1996
Bibliography:
S. Wessel, Leo the Great and the Spiritual Rebuilding of a Universal Rome, Leiden and Boston 2008.

Categories:

Described by a title - Presbyter/πρεσβύτερος
    Ecclesiastical administration - Participation in councils and ecclesiastical courts
      Relation with - Bishop/Monastic superior
        Relation with - Heretic/Schismatic
          Administration of justice - Ecclesiastical
            Please quote this record referring to its author, database name, number, and, if possible, stable URL: M. Szada, Presbyters in the Late Antique West, ER2263, http://www.presbytersproject.ihuw.pl/index.php?id=6&SourceID=2263