Presbyters Uniwersytet Warszawski
ID
ER 2262
Pope Leo the Great in a sermon preached on the Collects (for the poor and needy) in Rome, asks his audience to denounce Manichees to their presbyters. Sermon 9 of Pope Leo the Great, written in Rome, AD 443.
Sermo 9
 
4. Vt autem in omnibus, dilectissimi, placeat domino uestra deuotio, etiam ad hanc uos hortamur industriam, ut Manicheos ubicumque latentes uestris presbyteris publicetis. Magna est enim pietas prodere latebras impiorum, et ipsum in eis, cui seruiunt, diabolum debellare. Contra istos enim, dilectissimi, omnem quidem orbem terrarum et totam ubique ecclesiam decet fidei arma corripere, sed uestra in hoc opere deuotio debet excellere, qui in progenitoribus uestris euangelium crucis christi ab ipso beatissimorum apostolorum Petri et Pauli ore didicistis. Non sinantur latere homines, qui legem per Moysen datam, in qua deus conditor uniuersitatis ostenditur, recipiendam esse non credunt; prophetis et sancto spiritui contradicunt; psalmos Dauidicos qui per uniuersalem ecclesiam cum omni pietate cantantur, damnabili impietate ausi sunt refutare; christi domini natiuitatem secundum carnem negant; passionem et resurrectionem eius simulatam dicunt fuisse, non ueram; baptismum regenerationis totius gratiae uirtute dispoliant. Nihil est apud eos sanctum, nihil integrum, nihil uerum. Cauendi sunt, ne cuiquam noceant; prodendi sunt, ne in aliqua ciuitatis nostrae parte consistant. Vobis, dilectissimi, ante tribunal domini proderit, quod indicimus, quod rogamus. Dignum est enim ut elemosinarum sacrificio etiam huius operis palma iungatur, auxiliante uobis per omnia domino Iesu christo, qui uiuit et regnat in saecula saeculorum.
 
(ed. Chavasse 1973)
Sermo 9
 
4. So that your dedication might be pleasing to the Lord in all things, we encourage you to take up as well the following effort. Expose to your presbyters any Manichaeans, wherever they might be hiding. It would be a great act of loyalty to betray the hiding places of the ungodly and to vanquish in them the devil whom they serve. Against such as these, dearly beloved, it befits the whole world and the entire Church everywhere to take up the armor of faith. But your dedication in this work ought to stand out, since in your ancestors you have learned the Gospel about the Cross of Christ directly from the mouths of the blessed apostles Peter and Paul. Let them not be allowed to hide who believe that the law given through Moses should not be accepted, the law which shows God to be the Creator of the universe. They gainsay the prophets and the Holy Spirit. They have dared to suppress with a damnable impiety the Psalms of David which are chanted with all reverence throughout the universal Church. They deny the Birth of Christ according to the flesh. They say that his Passion and Resurrection were merely appearances and not reality. They strip from the Baptism of regeneration any power of grace whatsoever. With them, nothing remains holy, nothing intact, nothing true. We must beware of them lest they do anyone harm. We must expose them, lest they gain a foothold in any part of our city. This cause that I declare, this request that I make, dearly beloved, will be to your advantage before the tribunal of the Lord. It is fitting that the palm of this work should bejoined to the "sacrifice of alms" Helping you through everything is the grace ofour LordJesus Christ, who lives and reigns with God the Father and with the Holy Spirit for ever and ever. Amen.
 
(trans. Freeland, Conway 1996: 41-42)

Discussion:

The Manichaeans in Rome in the times of Leo were the fugitives from Carthage which fell to the Vandals in 439. Leo the Great took action against them as the heretics rejecting proper understanding of the Scripture, rewriting the Gospel, accepting apocryphal writings and believing in a cosmological dualism. In 443, the rumours of some wicked ritual allegedly performed by the Manichaens in Rome, led to an investigation. The appeal to denounce Manichaeans in the sermon preached in November was a part of this effort. In December 443, Leo preached a sermon (sermo 16) in which he discussed the matter in more detail. Eventually, the Manichaens were banished to exile by the order of the Roman senate. See Wessel 2005: 123-24.

Place of event:

Region
  • Rome
City
  • Rome

About the source:

Author: Leo the Great
Title: Sermons, Sermones, Tractatus
Origin: Rome (Rome)
Denomination: Catholic/Nicene/Chalcedonian
Leo the Great was the bishop of Rome from AD 440 to his death in AD 461. We have a collection of 96 authentic sermons of Leo for the various feasts and seasons of the liturgical year.
 
The present sermon belong to a series of six sermons (6-11) for the days of the Collects, that is for the special days of collections for the poor and needy, celebrated in November (not in July as is sometimes maintained in the scholarship, see Neil 2018: 340). Each sermon mentions another day of week, sermon 9 was probably preached on Wednesday.
 
Edition:
A. Chavasse ed., Leo Magnus, Tractatus, Corpus Christianorum Series Latina 138-138A, Turnhout 1973
 
Translations:
Leo the Great, Sermons, trans. J.P. Freeland, A.J. Conway, Washington, D.C. 1996
Bibliography:
S. Wessel, Leo the Great and the Spiritual Rebuilding of a Universal Rome, Leiden and Boston 2008.

Categories:

Functions within the Church - Urban presbyter
    Described by a title - Presbyter/πρεσβύτερος
      Relation with - Heretic/Schismatic
        Administration of justice - Ecclesiastical
          Please quote this record referring to its author, database name, number, and, if possible, stable URL: M. Szada, Presbyters in the Late Antique West, ER2262, http://www.presbytersproject.ihuw.pl/index.php?id=6&SourceID=2262