Presbyters Uniwersytet Warszawski
ID
ER 2014
Cresconius, a slave of Stilicho is guilty of some serious crimes and seeks asylum in a church in Milan. Stilicho sends soldiers to seize him but he is protected by Bishop Ambrose and his clerics who at the time are in the church. The soldiers prevail but are soon attacked by leopards who were on the show in Milan to mark the consulship of the emperor Honorius, AD 396. Account of Paulinus of Milan, Life of Ambrose, AD 412/413 or 422.
34, 1. Per idem tempus, cum consulatus sui imperator Honorius in urbe Mediolanensi Libycarum ferarum exhiberet munus, populo illuc concurrente, data copia est missis militibus tunc a Stilicone comite hortatu Eusebii praefecti, ut Cresconius quidam de ecclesia raperetur; quem confugientem ad altare Domini sanctus episcopus cum clericis, qui in tempore aderant, defendendum circumdedit. 2. Sed multitudo militum, quae duces suos habebat de perfidia Arrianorum, praevaluit adversus paucos; atque ablato Cresconio exsultantes ad amphitheatrum reverterunt ecclesiae luctum non modicum relinquentes; nam sacerdos prostratus ante altare Domini factum diu flevit. 3 Sed in tempore cum revertissent et renuntiassent his a quibus fuerant destinati milites, dimissi leopardi saltu celeri ad eumdem locum, in quo sederant qui de ecclesia triumphabant, ascendentes graviter laniatos reliquerunt. 4. Quod ubi vidit tunc Stilico comes, paenitentia motus est, ita ut per multos dies satisfaceret sacerdoti et inlaesum quidem illum qui ablatus fuerat, sed – quia gravissimorum criminum erat reus et aliter emendari non poterat - ad exilium destinaret, non multum post indulgentia prosequente.
 
(ed. Bastiaensen 1975: 96, 98)
34. 1. Around the same time, when the Emperor Honorius was consul and was putting on a show of wild animals from Libya in the city of Milan and the people were gathering there, leave was given to some soldiers, who had been sent by Stilicho, who was then a count, with the encouragement of the prefect Eusebius, to seize a certain Cresconius from the church. As he sought refuge at the altar of the Lord, the holy bishop, along with the clerics who were there at the time, surrounded him to protect him. But the many soldiers, whose commanders came from the perfidy of the Arians, prevailed over the few. They carried off Cresconius and returned to the amphitheater in an exultant mood, leaving the Church in a state of no little lamentation, for the bishop lay prostrate before the Lord's altar and wept over the deed for a long time. But when the soldiers returned and reported to those who had sent them, some leopards that had been released up to the place where those who had triumphed over the Church were sitting, and they left them savagely mangled. When Count Stilicho saw this he was moved to penance, such that for many days he made reparation to the bishop and even released unharmed the man who had been seized. But because [Cresconius] was guilty of very grave crimes and could not otherwise atone for them, [Stilicho] sent him into exile, although he was pardoned not long after.
 
(trans. Ramsey 1997: 210)

Place of event:

Region
  • Italy north of Rome with Corsica and Sardinia
  • Latin North Africa
City
  • Milan

About the source:

Author: Paulinus of Milan
Title: Life of Ambrose, Vita Ambrosii
Origin: Milan (Italy north of Rome with Corsica and Sardinia)
Denomination: Catholic/Nicene/Chalcedonian
The Life of Ambrose was composed by Paulinus, deacon in Milan, who was in the service of Ambrose as notarius from AD 394 at the earliest. The successor of Ambrose, Simplician, appointed Paulinus the administrator of the property of the diocese of Milan in North Africa, and he was living in Africa when writing. According to Paulinus, he authored the Life encouraged by Augustine, bishop of Hippo (Life of Ambrose 1). Paulinus based his narrative on personal experience, relations of eyewitnesses, and the works of Ambrose, especially his letters.
 
The Life was written for certain after the death of Ambrose in 397 and before the death of Augustine in 430. Paulinus, however, mentions in chapter 31 John tunc tribunus et notarius, qui nunc praefectus est ("he was then a tribune and notarius, and now he is a prefect"). We know that John was the prefect of Italy in 412 and 413 and probably also in 422 (see PLRE, v. 1, Iohannes 2) so the Life of Ambrose was composed on one of those dates.
Edition:
A.A.R. Bastiaensen ed., Vita di Cipriano. Vita di Ambrogio. Vita di Agostino, Milan 1975.
 
Translation:
B. Ramsey, Ambrose, London 1997
 
Bibliography:
É. Lamirande, "La Datation de la „Vita Ambrosii” de Paulin de Milan”, Revue d’études augustiniennes et patristiques 27 (1981), 44–55.
A. Paredi, "Paulinus of Milan”, Sacris Erudiri 14 (1963), 206–230.

Categories:

Described by a title - Clericus
    Relation with - Bishop/Monastic superior
      Relation with - Slave/Servant
        Relation with - Heretic/Schismatic
          Relation with - Soldier/Warrior
            Conflict - Violence
              Pastoral activity - Granting asylum
                Please quote this record referring to its author, database name, number, and, if possible, stable URL: M. Szada, Presbyters in the Late Antique West, ER2014, http://www.presbytersproject.ihuw.pl/index.php?id=6&SourceID=2014