Presbyters Uniwersytet Warszawski
ID
ER 1999
Ambrose of Milan (Italy) in his "Oration on the death of the emperor Valentinian II" compares the Church to the human face, and says that the priests are the cheeks of that face. Composed and declared in Milan in AD 392.
7. Plorat ecclesia in sapientibus suis, qui sunt velut caput ecclesiae; "oculi" enim "sapientis in capite eius." [Eccl 2:14] Plorat in oculis, hoc est in suis fidelibus, quia scriptum est: "Oculi tui sicut columbae extra taciturnitatem tuam," [cf. Song 4:1 (LXX)] eo quod et videant spiritaliter et noverint ea, quae viderint, tacere mysteria. Plorat in sacerdotibus suis, qui sunt sicut genae ecclesiae, in quibus est "barba Aaron", hoc est barba sacerdotalis, in quam de capite descendit unguentum. Isti sunt, in quibus est pulchritudo ecclesiae, in quibus flos eius gratior, in quibus aetas perfectior: qui velut cortices malorum punicorum decorem foris praeferant abstinentia corporali, intus autem commissam sibi plebem diversae aetatis et sexus foveant sapientia spiritali, obiecti quidem saeculo ad iniurias, sed interna mysteria dividentes. Plorat in virginibus suis, quae sunt sicut 'lilia', et lilia 'myrra plena', candorem integritatis et mortificatae corporalis inlecebrae gloriam praeferentes.
 
(ed. Faller 1955: 333)
7. The Church mourns in her wise men, who are, as it were, the head of the Church: "For the eyes of the wise man are in his head." [Eccl 2:14] She mourns in her eyes, that is in her faithful members. For it is written "Your eyes are like doves transcending your silence," [cf. Song 4:1 (LXX)] because they see spiritually, and know how to keep silent even about the mysteries which they have seen. The Church mourns in her bishops, who are as it were the cheeks of the Church, who wear the beard of Aaron, that is the beard of the priesthood, onto which the ointment drips from the head [cf. Ps 133(132):2]. These are the men in whom the beauty of the Church resides, in whom the flower of youth is more pleasing, in whom adulthood is more mature, who like the skins of the pomegranates are to display their beauty outwardly through physical abstinence, and inside the Church to feed the people of every age and sex entrusted to them with spiritual wisdom. While they are exposed to injury from the outside world, they dispense the mysteries to those within. The Church mourns in her virgins, who are like lilies, indeed like lilies full of myrrh, in the whiteness of their purity, as they display the glory of having subdued the temptations of the body.
 
(ed. Liebeschuetz 2010: 367-368)

Discussion:

The metaphore of pomegranates is an allusion to the verse form Song of Songs 6:6 quoted in Chapter 6 in different context.

Place of event:

Region
  • Italy north of Rome with Corsica and Sardinia
City
  • Milan

About the source:

Author: Ambrose of Milan
Title: De obitu Valentiniani, Oration on the death of Valentinian II
Origin: Milan (Italy north of Rome with Corsica and Sardinia)
Denomination: Catholic/Nicene/Chalcedonian
De obitu Valentiniani (On the death of Valentinian) is the oration Ambrose gave at the funeral of the emperor Valentinian II who died in 392 in Gaul in obscure circumstances. His body was transferred to Milan and buried there in summer of 392. See introduction to the translation by Liebeschuetz 2010: 358-363.
Edition:
O. Faller ed., Sancti Ambrosii opera pars septima. Explanatio symboli. De sacramentis. De mysteriis. De paenitentia. De excessu fratris. De obitu Valentiniani. De obitu Theodosii, Coprus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum 73, Wien 1955, 331-367
 
Translation:
Ambrose of Milan, Political Letters and Speeches, trans. J.H.W.G. Liebeschuetz, Translated Texts for Historians 43, Liverpool 2010

Categories:

Described by a title - Sacerdos/ἱερεύς
    Theoretical considerations - On priesthood
      Please quote this record referring to its author, database name, number, and, if possible, stable URL: M. Szada, Presbyters in the Late Antique West, ER1999, http://www.presbytersproject.ihuw.pl/index.php?id=6&SourceID=1999