Presbyters Uniwersytet Warszawski
ID
ER 1678
Pope Leo the Great writes to Bishop Anastasius of Thessalonica (Macedonia) and says that the clergy shall live in continence and take part in the election of the new bishop of their city. He also forbids clerics to transfer to another diocese without the consent of their bishop. Letter 14 of Pope Leo the Great "Quanta fraternitati", written in Rome, probably AD 446.
Letter 14
 
First Leo chastistes Anastasius for abusing his authority of the vicar of Rome in Illyricum in mistreating Bishop Atticus of Old Epirus. He admonishes him that he shall not ignore the rights of the metropolitan bishops in Illyricum. Further on, he refers to the rules that shall be observed in the ordinations of bishops.
 
3. In civitatibus quarum rectores obierint, de substituendis episcopis haec forma servetur: ut is qui ordinandus est, etiamsi bonae vitae testimonium habeat, non laicus, non neophytus, nec secundae coniugis sit maritus, aut qui unam quidem habeat, vel habuerit, sed quam sibi viduam copularit. Sacerdotum enim tam excellens est electio, ut haec quae in aliis Ecclesiae membris non vocantur ad culpam, in illis tamen habeantur illicita.
4. Nam cum extra clericorum ordinem constitutis nuptiarum societati et procreationi filiorum studere sit liberum, ad exhibendam tamen perfectae continentiae puritatem, nec subdiaconis quidem connubium carnale conceditur: ut et qui habent, sint tamquam non habentes , et qui non habent, permaneant singulares. Quod si in hoc ordine, qui quartus a capite est, dignum est custodiri, quanto magis in primo aut secundo, vel tertio servandum est, ne aut levitico, aut presbyterali honore, aut episcopali excellentia quisquam idoneus aestimetur, qui se a voluptate uxoria necdum frenasse detegitur.
5. Cum ergo de summi sacerdotis electione tractabitur, ille omnibus praeponatur quem cleri plebisque consensus concorditer postularit: ita ut si in aliam forte personam partium se vota diviserint, metropolitani iudicio is alteri praeferatur qui maioribus et studiis iuvatur et meritis: tantum ut nullus invitis et non petentibus ordinetur; ne civitas episcopum non optatum aut contemnat, aut oderit; et fiat minus religiosa quam convenit, cui non licuerit habere quem voluit.
 
Further on, he speaks about the subordination of the metropolitan bishops to the vicar and on the mode of election of the metropolitan bishops. He laids down a rule that the provincial council shall be held twice a year, and that the bishop cannot change his diocese for another one.
 
9. Alienum clericum, invito episcopo ipsius, nemo suscipiat, nemo sollicitet, nisi forte ex placito charitatis id inter dantem accipientemque convenerit. Nam gravis iniuriae reus est qui de fratris Ecclesia id quod est utilius aut pretiosius audet vel allicere, vel tenere. Itaque si intra provinciam res agitur, transfugam clericum ad suam Ecclesiam metropolitanus redire compellet. Si autem longius recessit, tui praecepti auctoritate revocabitur; ut nec cupiditati, nec ambitioni occasio relinquatur.
 
Then Leo says that the Vicar requires a meeting of bishops, two from each province will be enough. In the last paragraph of the letter, the rule is set that in case of dissension between the Vicar and the bishops, Rome shall be consulted. It is accompanied by some reflexions on the hierarchial structure of the Church.
 
(Patrologia Latina 54, 672-674 = Ballerini 1753: 687-689)
Letter 14
 
First Leo chastistes Anastasius for abusing his authority of the vicar of Rome in Illyricum in mistreating Bishop Atticus of Old Epirus. He admonishes him that he shall not ignore the rights of the metropolitan bishops in Illyricum. Further on, he refers to the rules that shall be observed in the ordinations of bishops.
 
3. In cities whose governors have died let this form be observed in filling up their place:  he, who is to be ordained, even though his good life be not attested, shall be not a layman, not a neophyte, nor yet the husband of a second wife, or one who, though he has or has had but one, married a widow.  For the choosing of priests is of such surpassing importance that things which in other members of the Church are not blame-worthy, are yet held unlawful in them.
4. For although they who are not within the ranks of the clergy are free to take pleasure in the companionship of wedlock and the procreation of children, yet for the exhibiting of the purity of complete continence, even sub-deacons are not allowed carnal marriage:  that "both those that have, may be as though they had not," [1 Cor 7:29] and those who have not, may remain single.  But if in this order, which is the fourth from the Head, this is worthy to be observed, how much more is it to be kept in the first, or second, or third, lest any one be reckoned fit for either the deacon's duties or the presbyter's honourable position, or the bishop's pre-eminence, who is discovered not yet to have bridled his uxorious desires.
5. When therefore the choice of the chief priest is taken in hand, let him be preferred before all whom the unanimous consent of clergy and people demands, but if the votes chance to be divided between two persons, the judgment of the metropolitan should prefer him who is supported by the preponderance of votes and merits: only let no one be ordained against the express wishes of the place:  lest a city should either despise or hate a bishop whom they did not choose, and lamentably fall away from religion because they have not been allowed to have whom they wished.
 
Further on, he speaks about the subordination of the metropolitan bishops to the vicar and on the mode of election of the metropolitan bishops. He laids down a rule that the provincial council shall be held twice a year, and that the bishop cannot change his diocese for another one.
 
9. A cleric from another diocese let no (bishop) accept or invite against the wishes of his own bishop:  but only when giver and receiver agree together thereupon by friendly compact.  For a man is guilty of a serious injury who ventures either to entice or withhold from a brother’s church that which is of great use or high value.  And so, if such a thing happen within the province, the metropolitan shall force the deserting cleric to return to his church: but if he has withdrawn himself still further off, he shall be recalled by your authoritative command:  so that no occasion be left for either desire of gain or intrigue.
 
(trans. Ch. Lett Feltoe 1895: 18)

Place of event:

Region
  • Rome
  • Danubian provinces and Illyricum
City
  • Rome
  • Thessalonica

About the source:

Author: Leo the Great
Title: Letters, Epistulae
Origin: Rome (Rome)
Denomination: Catholic/Nicene/Chalcedonian
Leo the Great was the bishop of Rome from AD 440 to his death in AD 461. We have the collection of 173 letters of Leo.
 
The present letter was most probably written in AD 446, some time after Letter 13 (see note m. in PL 54, 665-667).
Edition:
P. and G. Ballerini eds., Sancti Leoni Magni Romani pontificis opera, vol. 1, Venice 1753
Patrologia Latina, vol. 54
 
Translation:

Categories:

Family life - Marriage
    Family life - More than one marriage
      Sexual life - Sexual activity
        Ecclesiastical transfer
          Impediments or requisits for the office - Marriage
            Ecclesiastical administration - Election of Church authorities
              Please quote this record referring to its author, database name, number, and, if possible, stable URL: M. Szada, Presbyters in the Late Antique West, ER1678, http://www.presbytersproject.ihuw.pl/index.php?id=6&SourceID=1678