Presbyters Uniwersytet Warszawski
ID
ER 1669
In his letter to the bishops of the province of Vienne (Gaul), Pope Leo the Great discusses the problem of uncanonical ordinations in light of the unlawful efforts of Bishop Hilary of Arles (Gaul). Letter 10 of Pope Leo the Great "Divinae cultum", written in Rome, probably AD 445.
Letter 10
 
First Leo states that the unity of the Church is based upon its subordination to the see of Rome whose authority comes from the primacy given to Peter the Apostle by Christ. Then, Leo refers to the case of Bishop Hilary of Arles who usurps for himself the primacy in the province of Vienne, and thereby denies his subordination to Rome. Then, he speaks about the case of Bishop Celidonius of Besançon who was deposed by Hilary but appealed to the Pope and obtained the lifting of this sentence.
 
3. [...] Absolutus est Celidonius episcopus, quoniam se injuste sacerdotio fuisse dejectum, manifesta testium responsione, ipso etiam praesente, monstraverat; ita ut, quod Hilarius nobiscum residens posset opponere, non haberet. Remotum est ergo judicium, quod prolatum in hac sententia legebatur, quod tamquam viduae maritus sacerdotium 636 tenere non posset. Quod nos quidem servantes legatia constituta, sollicitius voluimus custodiri, non solum circa sacerdotes, sed circa clericos quoque minoris officii: ne ad sacram militiam hi permittantur accedere quibus sit tale conjugium, vel qui contra apostolicam disciplinam non unius tantum uxoris viri fuisse monsirentur. Sed sicut eos, quos factum suum non potest excusare, aut non admittendos, aut si fuerint, decernimus removendos, ita quibus hoc falso objicitur, habita necesse est examinatione purgemus, et suum officium perdere non sinamus.
 
Further on, Leo deals with a case of deposition of Bishop Projectus by Hilary and also restores Projectus to his see (par. 4-5). Then he condemns the practice of Hilary of using the military force to intervene in the episcopal elections in Gaul. He repeats what rules should be observed during those elections (the approval of the people and the clergy is needed, the metropolitans should not overstep their jurisdiction, the ordination should by celebrated on Sunday; par. 6). Hilary is devested not only from his usurped jurisdiction but also from the metropolitan jurisdiction over the province of Vienne (par. 7). Leo forbids bishops (sacerdotes) to excommunicate laymen for trivial things (par. 8). Bishop Leontius is appointed in place of Hilary as the metropolitan bishop.
 
(Patrologia Latina 54, 628-636 = Ballerini 1753: 633-641)
Letter 10
 
First Leo states that the unity of the Church is based upon its subordination to the see of Rome whose authority comes from the primacy given to Peter the Apostle by Christ. Then, Leo refers to the case of Bishop Hilary of Arles who usurps for himself the primacy in the province of Vienne, and thereby denies his subordination to Rome. Then, he speaks about the case of Bishop Celidonius of Besançon who was deposed by Hilary but appealed to the Pope and obtained the lifting of this sentence.
 
3. [...] Celidonius, the bishop, was therefore acquitted, for he had proved himself wrongfully deposed from the priesthood, by the clear replies of his witnesses made in his own presence: so that Hilary, who remained with us, had no opposition to offer. The judgment, therefore, was rescinded, which was brought forward and read to the effect that, as the husband of a widow, he could not hold the priesthood. Now this rule we, maintaining the legal constitutions, have wished scrupulously adhered to, not only in respect of priests but also of clergy of the lower ranks: that those who have contracted such a marriage, or those who are proved not to be the husbands of only one wife contrary to the apostle's discipline, should not be suffered to enter the sacred service. But though we decree that those, whom their own acts condemn, must either not be admitted at all, or, if they have, must be removed, so those who are falsely so accused we are bound to clear after examination held, and not allow to lose their office. [...]
 
Further on, Leo deals with a case of deposition of Bishop Projectus by Hilary and also restores Projectus to his see (par. 4-5). Then he condemns the practice of Hilary of using the military force to intervene in the episcopal elections in Gaul. He repeats what rules should be observed during those elections (the approval of the people and the clergy is needed, the metropolitans should not overstep their jurisdiction, the ordination should by celebrated on Sunday; par. 6). Hilary is devested not only from his usurped jurisdiction but also from the metropolitan jurisdiction over the province of Vienne (par. 7). Leo forbids bishops (sacerdotes) to excommunicate laymen for trivial things (par. 8). Bishop Leontius is appointed in place of Hilary as the metropolitan bishop.
  
(trans. Ch. Lett Feltoe 1895: 8-13; summary M. Szada)

Discussion:

For details of the conflict between Hilary of Arles, the Gallic bishops and the pope, see Heinzelmann 1992.

Place of event:

Region
  • Rome
  • Gaul
City
  • Rome
  • Arles
  • Vienne
  • Besançon

About the source:

Author: Leo the Great
Title: Letters, Epistulae
Origin: Rome (Rome)
Denomination: Catholic/Nicene/Chalcedonian
Leo the Great was bishop of Rome from AD 440 until his death in AD 461 We have the collection of 173 letters of Leo. Dioscorus of Alexandria, the addressee of the present letter, was bishop between 444 and 454. The dating of the letter to AD 445 is suggested because of the placement of the letter at the beginning of the collection after the letters of AD 444 and before other letters dated securely to AD 445 (letter 11).
Edition:
P. and G. Ballerini eds., Sancti Leoni Magni Romani pontificis opera, vol. 1, Venice 1753
Patrologia Latina, vol. 54
 
Translation:
Bibliography:
M. Heinzelmann, "The „affair” of Hilary of Arles (445) and Gallo-Roman identity in the fifth century”, [in :] Fifth-Century Gaul: A Crisis of Identity?, ed. J. Drinkwater, H. Elton, Cambridge 1992, 239–251.

Categories:

Family life - Marriage
    Family life - More than one marriage
      Described by a title - Sacerdos/ἱερεύς
        Described by a title - Clericus
          Impediments or requisits for the office - Marriage
            Act of ordination
              Ecclesiastical administration - Election of Church authorities
                Public law - Ecclesiastical
                  Relation with - Wife
                    Relation with - Woman
                      Administration of justice - Ecclesiastical
                        Administration of justice - Demotion
                          Please quote this record referring to its author, database name, number, and, if possible, stable URL: M. Szada, Presbyters in the Late Antique West, ER1669, http://www.presbytersproject.ihuw.pl/index.php?id=6&SourceID=1669