Presbyters Uniwersytet Warszawski
ID
ER 1641
Elpidius, presbyter from Illyricum is sent to the churches of Asia Minor to carry a letter by the bishops who gathered recently at a council in Illyricum to debate on the Trinitarian issues, AD 375 or 378. The letter included in the Ecclesiastical History of Theodoret of Cyrrhus, AD 449/450.
IV.9
 
Οἱ ἐπίσκοποι τοῦ Ἰλλυρικοῦ ταῖς ἐκκλησίας τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ ἐπισκόποις διοκήσεως Ἀσιανῆς, Φρυγίας, Καροφυγίας Πακατιανῆς, ἐν κυρίῳ χαίρειν.
 
Συνελθόντων ἡμῶν ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ καὶ ζητήσεως πολλῆς γενομένης περὶ τοῦ σωτηρίου λόγου, ἀπεδείξαμεν ὁμοούσιον εἶναι τὴν τριάδα πατρὸς καὶ υἱοῦ καὶ ἁγίου πνεύματος, καὶ ἦν δίκαιον γράμματα ἀποχαράξαι πρὸς ὑμᾶς, οὐ σοφίσμασι τὰ τῆς θρησκείας τῆς τριάδος γράφοντας, ἀλλ᾽ἐν ταπεινογροσύνῃ καταξιωθέντας. τουτὶ ἡμῶν τὸ γράμμα ἀπεστάλκαμεν διὰ τοῦ ἀγαπητοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἡμῶν συλλειτουργοῦ Ἐλπιδίου τοῦ πρεσβυτέρου. † οὐ ταῖς γὰρ τῶν ἡμετέρων ἐν χερσὶν γραμμάτων, ἀλλ᾽ ἐν ταῖς τοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ βίβλοις· »ἐγὼ μέν εἰμι Παύλου, ἐγὼ δὲ Ἀπολλώ, ἐγὼ δὲ Κηφᾶ. μὴ Παῦλος ἐσταυρώθη ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν, ἢ εἰς τὸ ὂνομα Παύλου ἐβαπτίσθητε;« καὶ ταῦτα μὲν ἤρκει τῇ ἡμετέρᾳ ταπεινώσει, μήτε τὸ καθόλου γράμματα ἀποχαράξαι πρὸς ὑμᾶς, διὰ τὸν τηλικοῦτον φόβον ὅν αὐτόθι κηρύσσετε πάσῃ τῇ ὑφ᾽ὑμᾶς ἐπαρχίᾳ, ἀποχωρίζοντες τὸ ἃγιον πνεῦμα ἀπὸ τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ. ἀνάγκην οὖν ἔσχομεν πέμψαι πρὸς ὑμᾶς τὸν κύριον ἡμῶν καὶ συλλειτουργὸν Ἐλπίδιον ἀπὸ τῆς βασιλευούσης Ῥωμαίων ἀρχῆς τοῦτο τὸ γράμμα ἔχοντα, καταμαθόντα εἴ γε ἄρα οὓτως ἔχει τὸ κήρυγμα ὑμῶν. οἱ γὰρ μὴ ὁμοούσιον τὴν τριάδα κηρύττοντες ἀνάθεμα ἔστωσαν, καὶ εἴ τις τούτοις φωραθείη κοινωνῶν, ἀνάθεμα ἔστω· τοῖς δὲ κηρύττουσιν ὁμοούσιον τὴν τριάδα ἡ βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν ἡτοίμασται. παρακαλοῦμεν οὖν ὑμᾶς, ἀδελφοί, μὴ ἑτεροδιδασκαλεῖν, μὴ ἑτεροκαινοδοξεῖν, ἀλλ᾽ὁμοούσιον ἀεὶ καὶ διὰ παντὸς κηρύττοντες τὴν τριάδα δυνηθήτε κληρονομῆσαι τὴν τοῦ θεοῦ βασιλείαν.
   Περὶ τούτου γράφοντες καὶ ὑπόμνησιν ἔχοντες ἐχαράξαμεν τουτὶ ἡμῶν τὸ γράμμα, καὶ περὶ τῶν καθισταμένων ἐπισκόπων ἢ κατασταθέντων συλλειτουργῶν, ἐὰν μὲν εἶεν, ἐκ τῶν τέλει χρησαμένων ἐπισκόπων ὑγιεῖς, εἰ δὲ μή, ἐξ αὐτοῦ τοῦ πρεσβυτερίου· ὁμοίως τε καὶ πρεσβυτέρους καὶ διακόνους, ἐξ αὐτοῦ τοῦ ἱερατικοῦ τάγματος, ἵνα ὦσιν ἀνεπίληπτοι πανταχόθεν, καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ βουλευτηρίου καὶ στρατιωτικῆς ἀρχῆς. εἰς τοῦτο οὖν αὐτὸ οὐκ ἠβουλήθημεν διὰ πολλῶν ἀποχαράξαι, διὰ τὸ ἀποσταλῆναι ἕνα ἐκ πάντων τὸν κύριον ἡμῶν καὶ συλλειτουργὸν Ἐλπίδιον, ἐπισπούδως καταμαθόντα τὸ κήρυγμα ὑμῶν, εἴ γε οὕτως ἔχει ὥσπερ ἀκηκόαμεν παρὰ τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν καὶ συλλειτουργοῦ Εὐσταθίου.
   Λοιπὸν εἰ καί ποτε ἐν πλάνοις γεγενημένοι ἦτε, ἀποθέμενοι τὸν παλαιὸν ἄνθρωπον ἐνδύσασθε τὸν καινόν. καὶ γὰρ καὶ ὁ αὐτὸς ἀδελφὸς καὶ συλλειτουργός Ἐλπίδιος διδάξει ὑμᾶς κηρῦξαι τὴν ἀληθῆ πίστιν· ὅτι ἡ ἁγία τρίας, ἡ ὁμοούσιος τῷ θεῷ καὶ πατρὶ, σύν υἱῷ καὶ ἁγίῳ πνεύματι εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας. φανερωθέντος γὰρ τούτου, φανερῶς δυνησόμεθα τὴν ἁγίαν τριάδα ὁμολογεῖν ὁμοούσιον, κατὰ τὴν πάλαι ἐκτεθεῖσαν πίστιν τὴν ἐν Νικαίᾳ, ἥν καὶ οἱ πατέρεις ἐβαβαίωσαν. κηρυττομένης οὖν τῆς πίστεως ταύτης, δυνησόμεθα τοῦ ἀλιτηρίου δαίμονος ἐκφυγεῖν τὰς μεθοδίας· σβεσθέντος γὰρ τούτου, δυνησόμεθα εἰρηνικοῖς γράμμασιν ἑαυτοὺς προσκυνεῖν ἐν εἰρήνῃ διάγοντες. ἐγράψαμεν οὖν ὑμῖν, ἵνα εἰδέναι ἔχετε τοὺς καθαιρεθέντας Ἀρειομανίτας, τοὺς μὴ ὁμολογοῦντας ἐκ τῆς οὐσίας τοῦ πατρὸς τὸν υἱὸν μήτε τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα, ὧν τὰ ὀνόματα ὑπετάξαμεν· Πολυχρόνιος, Τηλέμαχος, Φαῦστος, Ἀσκληπιάδης, Ἀμάντιος, Κλεόπατρος. καὶ ταῦτα μὲν οὕτως εἰς δόξαν πατρὸς καὶ υἱοῦ καὶ ἁγίου πνεύματος, εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων, ἀμήν. ἐρρῶσθαι ὑμᾶς εὐχόμεθα τῷ πατρὶ καὶ τῷ υἱῷ σωτῆρι Χριστῷ, σὺν ἁγίῳ πνεύματι, πολλαῖς ἐτῶν περιόδοις.
 
(ed. Parmentier 1954: 224-227)
 
IV.9 (in translation chapter 8)
 
The bishops of Illyricum to the churches of God, and bishops of the dioceses of Asia, of Phrygia, and Carophrygia Pacatiana, greeting in the Lord.
 
After meeting together and making long enquiry concerning the Word of salvation, we have set forth that the Trinity of Father, Son, and Holy Ghost is of one substance. And it seemed fitting to pen a letter to you, not that we write what concerns the worship of the Trinity in vain disputation, but in humility deemed worthy of the duty. This letter we have sent by our beloved brother and fellow labourer Elpidius the presbyter. For not in the letters of our hands, but in the books of our Saviour Jesus Christ, is it written "I am of Paul and I of Apollos and I of Cephas and I of Christ. Was Paul crucified for you? Or were you baptized in the name of Paul?"
It seemed indeed fitting to our humility not to pen any letter to you, on account of the great terror which your preaching causes to all the region under your jurisdiction, separating as you do the Holy Spirit from the Father and Son. We were therefore constrained to send to you our lord and fellow labourer Elpidius to ascertain if your preaching is really of this character and to carry this dispatch from the imperial government of Rome. Let them who do not regard the Trinity as one substance be anathema, and if any man be detected in communion with them let him be anathema. But for them that preach that the Trinity is of one substance the Kingdom of Heaven is prepared. We exhort you therefore brethren to teach no other doctrine, nor even hold any other and vain belief, but that always and everywhere, preaching the Trinity to be of one substance, you may be able to inherit the Kingdom of Heaven.
While writing on this point we have also been reminded to pen this letter to you about the present or future appointment of our fellow ministers as bishops, if there be any sound men among the bishops who have already discharged a public office; and, if not, from the order of presbyters: in like manner of the appointment of presbyters and deacons out of the actual priestly order that they may be in every way blameless, and not from the ranks of the senate and army. We have been unwilling to pen you a letter at length, because of the mission of one representative of all, our lord and fellow labourer Elpidius, to make diligent enquiry about your preaching, if it really is such as we have heard from our lord and fellow labourer Eustathius.
In conclusion, if at any time you have been in error, put off the old man and put on the new. The same brother and fellow labourer Elpidius will instruct you how to preach the true faith that the Holy Trinity, of one substance with God the Father, together with the Son and Holy Ghost, is hallowed, glorified, and made manifest, Father in Son, Son in Father, with the Holy Ghost for ever and ever. For since this has been made manifest, we shall manifestly be able to confess the Holy Trinity to be of one substance according to the faith set forth formerly at Nicæa which the Fathers confirmed. So long as this faith is preached we shall be able to avoid the snares of the deadly devil. When he is destroyed we shall be able to do homage to one another in letters of peace while we live in peace.
We have therefore written to you in order that you may know the deposition of the Ariomaniacs, who do not confess that the Son is of the substance of the Father nor the Holy Ghost. We subjoin their names—Polychronius, Telemachus, Faustus, Asclepiades, Amantius, Cleopater.
This we thus write to the glory of Father and Son and Holy Ghost for ever and ever, amen. We pray the Father and the Son our Saviour Jesus Christ with the Holy Ghost that you may fare well for many years.
 
(trans. B. Jackson 1892: 113)

Place of event:

Region
  • Danubian provinces and Illyricum
  • East

About the source:

Author: Theodoret of Cyrrhus
Title: Ecclesiastical History, Historia ecclesiastica, Church History, Ἐκκλησιαστικὴ ἱστορία
Origin: Cyrrhus (East)
Denomination: Catholic/Nicene/Chalcedonian
Theodoret of Cyrrhus was born in Antioch (East) probably AD 393. He was destined for the ecclesiastical career, and as an adolescent entered the ranks of clergy. After the death of his parents he sold his property, and became a monk in the monastery in Nikertai near Antioch. He lived there from AD 416 to 423. He wrote then the Cure of the Greek Maladies. In AD 423 he became a bishop of Cyrrhus. He took part in the Nestorian controversy as a follower of Nestorius, and wrote treatises (not extant) against Cyril of Alexandria. He was condemned by the council of Ephesus AD 449, but rehabilitated by the council of Chalcedon AD 451. His writings were condemned again during the Three Chapters Controversy at the council in Constantinople AD 553. Theodoret wrote the Ecclesiastical History most probably ca AD 438/446. (Martin 2006: 11-28; dating: 31-37). It continues the Ecclesiastical History of Eusebius of Caesarea, and its narration ends in the year AD 428.
 
The present document is a letter quoted in extenso by Theodoret. It is a letter of the bishops of Illyricum who gathered at the council convoked by the Emperor Valentinian I. Theodoret cites also the letter of the Emperors Valentinian, Valens, and Gratianus, to the bishops of Asia, Phrygia, and Cataphrygia Pacatiana ordering them to accept the decree of the council in Illyricum confirming that the Trinity is of one substance. Thus, the council would take place in AD 375. However, such imperial intervention in the issues of religion seemed unlikely in the reign of Valentinian I, who generally adhere to the policy of non-involvement. For this reason, Duchesne (1910: 398, n. 1) and Bardy (1912) considered the documents cited by Theodoret unauthentic. Zeiller (1918: 310-327), followed by Gryson (1980: 108-110), proposed that the imperial letter was not written during the reign of Valentinian I, Valens, and Gratianus, but during the reign of Valens, Gratianus, and Valentinianus II. Gryson (1980: 110-115) argued on the basis of Ambrose`s preface to his work De fide that Ambrose had been in Illyricum for the council and there he met Gratianus who commissioned the work. Then the council would take place in AD 378. McLynn (1994: 93-94), for his part, considers the council to be fictitious, and the whole collection of texts quoted by Theodoret to be manufactured on the occasion of the mission of the presbyter Elpidius to Asia, where he went to refute the Homoians relying on the authority of the emperors and the supposed council.
Edition:
L. Parmentier ed., Theodoret, Kirchengeschichte, Die Griechischen Christlichen Schriftsteller der Ersten Jahrhunderte 5, Berlin 1954
 
Translations:
Theodoret, The Ecclesiastical History, trans. B. Jackson, [in:] The Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church, II series, vol. 3, Oxford, New York 1892, 33-159
Théodoret de Cyr, Histoire ecclésiastique. Tome II, (Livres III-V), introd. A. Martin, trans. P. Canivet, Sources Chrétiennes 530, Paris 2009
Bibliography:
G. Bardy, "Sur un synode d'Illyricum", Bulletin d'ancienne littérature et d'archéologie chrétiennes 2 (1912), 259-274.
L. Duchesne, Histoire anicenne de l'Eglise, vol. 2, Paris 1910
R. Gryson, "Introduction”, [in :] Scolies ariennes sur le concile d’Aquilée, Paris 1980, 25-200.
N. McLynn, Ambrose of Milan: church and court in a Christian capital, Berkeley 1994.
J. Zeiller, Les origines chrétiennes dans les provinces danubiennes de l'Empire romaine, Paris 1918.
 

Categories:

Languages used - Greek
Travel and change of residence
Further ecclesiastical career - Lower clergy
    Further ecclesiastical career - Bishop
      Described by a title - Presbyter/πρεσβύτερος
      Impediments or requisits for the office - Improper/Immoral behaviour
        Ecclesiastical administration - Ecclesiastical envoy
        Reverenced by
        Described by a title - Minister/λειτουργός/ὑπηρέτης
        Impediments or requisits for the office - Profession/Career
          Education - Theological interest
          Education - Special skills
          Pastoral activity - Missionary work
          Please quote this record referring to its author, database name, number, and, if possible, stable URL: M. Szada, Presbyters in the Late Antique West, ER1641, http://www.presbytersproject.ihuw.pl/index.php?id=6&SourceID=1641